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Physics 223

Physics 223. 28. Direct Current (DC) Circuits. 28.1 EMF and Voltage 28.2 Resistors in Series and Parallel 28.3 Kirchhoff’s Rules 28.4 RC Circuit 28.5 Ammeters and Voltmeters 28.6 Household Wiring. +. -. Electric Battery.

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Physics 223

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  1. Physics 223

  2. 28.Direct Current (DC) Circuits 28.1 EMF and Voltage 28.2 Resistors in Series and Parallel 28.3 Kirchhoff’s Rules 28.4 RC Circuit 28.5 Ammeters and Voltmeters 28.6 Household Wiring

  3. + - Electric Battery The battery converts chemical energy to electrical energy. It is a source of potential difference or voltage. This is used to drive electrons “downhill” through a conductor (resistor)

  4. Electric Current and Ohm’s Law I = Q / t current = charge / time V = I R voltage = current x resistance

  5. 28.1 EMF and Voltage V = ɛ - I r r is the “hidden” internal resistance of the battery.

  6. L3 L1 L2 L4 28.2 Bulbs in Series and Parallel A. L1 and L2 are in series B. L1 and L2 are in parallel C. L3 and L4 are in series D. None of the above

  7. L3 L1 L2 L4 Bulbs in Series and Parallel L1 and L2 are in series and L3 and L4 are in parallel

  8. L3 L1 L2 L4 Bulbs in Series and Parallel A. I1 = I2 B. V1 = V2 C. I3 = I4 D. None of the above

  9. L3 L1 L2 L4 Bulbs in Series and Parallel Series Parallel I1 = I2 V3 = V4

  10. R1 = 3Ω R2 = 6Ω V = 12V Example 28.1 . . . Series Circuit Calculate the current flowing through the resistors voltage across the resistors power dissipation in the resistors

  11. Req = 9Ω R1 = 3Ω R2 = 6Ω V = 12V V = 12V Solution 28.1 . . . Series Circuit Req = R1 + R2 I = 12/9 =4/3 A V1 = 4/3 x 3 = 4 V V2 = 4/3 x 6 = 8 V

  12. R1 =6 Ω R2 = 3 Ω 12V Example 28.2 . . . Parallel Circuit Calculate the current flowing through the resistors voltage across the resistors power dissipation in the resistors

  13. Req =2Ω R1 =6 Ω R2 = 3 Ω V = 12V 12V Solution 28.2 . . . Parallel Circuit 1/ Req = 1/R1 + 1/R2 I1 = 12/6 =2 A I2 = 12/3 =4 A

  14. R2 =6Ω R3 =4Ω R1 =3Ω V =12V Example 28.3 . . . Series /Parallel Combo Special! Calculate the current flowing through the resistors voltage across the resistors power dissipation in the resistors

  15. R2 =6Ω Req =2Ω R3 =4Ω R3 =4Ω R1 =3Ω V =12V Solution 28.3 . . . Series /Parallel Combo Special! V =12V Ieq = 12/6 =2A Veq = 2 x2 = 4V V1 = V2 = 4V I1 = 4/3 A and I2 = 2/3 A

  16. 28.3 Kirchhoff’s Rules  I = 0 (Junction)  V = 0 (Loop)

  17. V0 VR VC t RC Charging Circuit VC = V0 (1 - e -t /RC ) VR = V0 e -t /RC

  18. RC Discharging Circuit VR =VC VC = V0 e -t /RC VR = V0 e -t /RC t

  19. V A 28.5 Ammeters and Voltmeters Voltmeter measures voltage Voltmeter is connected in parallel Voltmeter has a HIGH resistance Voltmeter is easy to hook up Ammeter measures current Ammeter is connected in series Ammeter has a LOW resistance Ammeter is tricky to hook up

  20. That’s all folks!

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