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Object Oriented Concepts

Object Oriented Concepts . Goals. Understand objects, their attributes and their methods. Understand the pillars of object-oriented programming as encapsulation, inheritance & polymorphism. OOP Concepts. Objects Attributes Methods Events Abstraction & Classes Constructors.

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Object Oriented Concepts

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  1. Object Oriented Concepts

  2. Goals • Understand objects, their attributes and their methods. • Understand the pillars of object-oriented programming as encapsulation, inheritance & polymorphism.

  3. OOP Concepts • Objects • Attributes • Methods • Events • Abstraction & Classes • Constructors

  4. What is an object? • An object is a unique programming entity that has attributes to describe it (like adjectives in grammar) and methods to retrieve/set attribute values (like verbs in grammar).

  5. Attributes • Programmers store an object’s data in attributes, also called properties. • Attributes provide us a way to describe an object, similar to adjectives in grammar. • We can read property values or change properties, assigning values.

  6. Methods • Whereas attributes describe an object, methods allow us to access object data. Methods are like verbs in grammar. • We can manipulate object data, stored in attributes, using methods.

  7. Events • Object-oriented programming is inherently tied to user interaction. Programs record interaction in the form of events. • Events are changes in an object’s environment to which it can react.

  8. Abstraction • One of the chief advantages of object-oriented programming is the idea that programmers can essentially focus on the “big picture” and ignore specific details regarding the inner-workings of an object. This concept is called abstraction.

  9. Classes • How do programmers get by implementing abstraction? They use a programming structure called a class. • A class presents a blueprint of an object, its properties and its methods.

  10. Instantiation • To create an object based on a class, we create an instance of that class. This process is called instantiation. • In Java, JavaScript and other languages, we use a special method called a constructor method to create an instance of an object.

  11. Encapsulation • Abstraction in OOP is closely related to a concept called encapsulation. • Data and the ways to get at that data are wrapped in a single package, a class. The only way to access such data is through that package. This idea translates to information hiding.

  12. Inheritance • Another of the main tenets of OOP is inheritance. Inheritance allows programmers to create new classes from existing ones. • A child class inherits its properties and attributes from its parents, which programmers can change.

  13. Polymorphism • Polymorphism describes how programmers write methods to do some general purpose function. • Different objects might perform polymorphic methods differently.

  14. Summary • Programming objects are comprised of attributes and methods. • Classes provide programmers with blueprints of objects. • To create an object from a class, we use constructor methods to create a class instance.

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