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LEQ: How is the structure of a system related to its function?

Explore the relationship between the structure and function of biological systems, from bones to evolution. Learn how systems of various scales exhibit unique properties and functions.

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LEQ: How is the structure of a system related to its function?

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  1. LEQ: How is the structure of a system related to its function? Assignment: Reading 1.1-1.2 Focus on: characteristics of life, themes of biology Activator (In Journal): Values “When you get something really small….everything starts to change. They offer new properties and you end up making different structures you never thought of before.” Rich Robinson Brainstorm and discuss something in our world that acts as a system. Describe its parts and unique properties. Key terms: system

  2. Systems of any scale consist of related parts. • Systems: • multiple parts • interacting • interdependent • novel properties

  3. The properties of a system emerge from its parts • Q: what does each architecture seem suited for? • Discuss: what are the functions of a skeleton?

  4. Systems are built from the actions of cells • System: skeleton • Cellular • Osteoclasts “consume” • Osteoblasts “build” • Chemical • Collagen (flexible) • Calcium phosphate (brittle, hard)

  5. Systems have novel properties • Bone is: • Compressible, elastic…tensile? • Engineered to (micro)crack! • “stress concentrators”

  6. Changes in a system can cause dysfunctional structure • Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva repairs connective tissue injuries with bone

  7. Summary: • How is the structure of a system (bone) related to how it functions? • Reflection: “No organ is an island” ~ Gerard Karsenty. In what way or for what reason would a bone need to be attuned to the rest of the body? • Closing: Describe how our class could be considered a system.

  8. Summarization • Describe how your biology class could be considered a system. • Choose something from common experience (it helps if it has parts) and create a general explanation about how it functions as a system.

  9. Structure and function are related. • 2)Structure determines function: • anatomy: shape suits the task it performs. • Speculate: what do these cells look like? What do they do?

  10. Evolution explains the unity and diversity of life. • Evolution explains how physical characteristics have changed in living things over time. • Adaptive traits (adaptations) are beneficial characteristics are passed to future generations.

  11. Warm-up: • Possible sentences: • Systems: • Structure/function: • Evolution:

  12. The essential components for evolution: • Variation – the characteristics of any species tend to display a high degree of variability • Heredity • Selection – many factors influence how common a particular variant of a characteristic is. • Predation, choices made by opposite sex, etc. • Time – selection operating on a species can change its DNA and appearance over time • “Nothing in Biology makes sense except in the light of evolution.” Theodosius Dobzhansky

  13. Purple praying mantis: note the petal-like anatomy

  14. Orchids & predators

  15. Spiny Flower Mantis

  16. Example: origins of icefish • No red blood cells • How do they breath? • Live at temperatures below freezing • Why don’t they freeze?

  17. Evolution accounts for both the diversity and the unity of life. What can these two possibly have in common?

  18. Biodiversity is greater closer to the equator. • Biodiversity is the variety of life. • Result of evolution: variation + change  diversity! • generally increases from the poles to the equator. • Biodiversity and abundance is greater in areas with consistently warm temperatures. • Why?

  19. Organisms must maintain homeostasis to survive. • 4) Homeostasis enables an organism to maintain a unique chemical environment internally while the world changes around it • Homeostasis is the maintenance of constant internal conditions.

  20. Homeostasis return a condition to its normal (set) point.

  21. Assessment: • Which of the following themes explains how organisms change over time: • A) Structure/function B) Homeostasis C) Evolution D) Systems

  22. Summary: answer the following questions in your journal with your lab group. • Why is homeostasis essential to living things? • Do you think homeostasis is necessary inside a cell? Explain why or why not. • How are structure and function related to the term adaptation?

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