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PER EB/1. PER 2/3. PER 5/6. PER 7/8. February 19 th , 1994. DMSO = Dimethyl Sulfoxide. A Change…. The Structure of Matter. “Nature uses only the largest threads to weave her patterns, so each small piece of her fabric reveals the organization of the entire tapestry” -Richard Feynman.

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PER EB/1

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  1. PER EB/1

  2. PER 2/3

  3. PER 5/6

  4. PER 7/8

  5. February 19th, 1994

  6. DMSO = Dimethyl Sulfoxide

  7. A Change…

  8. The Structure of Matter • “Nature uses only the largest threads to weave her patterns, so each small piece of her fabric reveals the organization of the entire tapestry” • -Richard Feynman

  9. BIOLOGY Study of the structure, organization and interaction of living organisms CHEMISTRY Study of the structure, organization and interaction of matter What’s The Difference?

  10. Chemical Physical Intensive Extensive Properties of Matter

  11. CHEMICAL A property of matter than exists only when the matter interacts with other forms of matter Ex: Oxidation (rusting) PHYSICAL A property of matter that exists whether or not the matter interacts with other forms of matter Ex: Density, Viscosity CHEMICAL v. PHYSICAL

  12. Intensive Property or characteristic is consistent regardless of the amount of matter present Ex: boiling point, conductivity Extensive Property or characteristic depends upon the amount of matter Ex: mass, pH INTENSIVE v. EXTENSIVE

  13. These properties are determined by the arrangement of matter on multiple levels

  14. The Atom • Atmos = indivisible • Three major subatomic particles • Proton • Neutron • Electron

  15. Elements of Biological Interest • Oxygen (O) • Carbon (C) • Hydrogen (H) • Nitrogen (N) • Calcium (Ca) • Phosphorus (P) • Potassium (K) • Sulfur (S) • Sodium (Na) • Chlorine (Cl) • Magnesium (Mg)

  16. Electron Arrangement • Energy levels/orbits • Shells hold • 2 e- • 8 e- • 18 e- • Valence Electrons are outermost electrons

  17. The Octet Rule • Atoms seek stability through having completely full or completely empty valence shells • Atoms may gain, lose or share electrons to satisfy these full or empty arrangements. These arrangements are called BONDS • The interaction of electrons occurs in the valence (outermost) shells/orbits

  18. IONS • Atoms with an imbalance between the number of electrons (-) and protons (+) • If protons > electrons, the positively charge atom is a CATION • If protons < electrons the negatively charged atom is an ANION

  19. IONIC Gain or loss of electrons from valence shells Causes an imbalance in electrical charge As a result of this exchange, ions are formed. COVALENT Sharing of electrons in valence shells to satisfy octet rule for all atoms involved Considerably stronger than ionic bonds WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE?

  20. Intermolecular Forces • Attractions between positive and negative groups in molecules • Electrons are not shared or exchanged • Weak, temporary forces • Examples: • Hydrogen • Van der Waal • Disulfide • Metallic

  21. COMPOUND Def: Matter comprised of two ore more different elements Ex: NaCl, H20, CCl4 MOLECULE Def: Smallest unit of a chemical substance that retains properties of that same substance Ex: C6H12O6, Cl2, H2O WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE?

  22. ORGANIC Contains carbon Ex: C02, CCl4, C6H12O6 INORGANIC Does not contain carbon H2O, NaCl, H2SO4 What’s The Difference?

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