虚拟语气

1. 虚拟语气

2. 一、非真实条件从句的分类 • If I were a bird, I would fly to you. (现在) • If we had started earlier, we would not have missed the train. (过去) • If there should be no air, there would be no living things. (将来)如果没有空气，就不会有生物。 • If I had taken my raincoat with me this morning, I would not be wet now. • (从句指过去,主句指现在) 如果我早晨带了雨衣，现在就不会被淋湿了。

3. wish • I wish I were a bird. 但愿我是只小鸟。(现在) • He wishes he hadn‘t lost the chance.他真希望没有失去机会。 (过去) • I wish you would be quiet.我希望你安静一些。 (事实上那家伙还在吵着呢) (将来)

4. if only引出的感叹句中 • If only I were a bird. 但愿我是只小鸟(现在) • If only he hadn‘t lost the chance.他真希望没有失去机会。 (过去)

5. I would rather • I would ratheryoucame tomorrow. • 我宁愿你明天来。

6. It is high time that • It is time that we went to bed. • 现在该上床了。

7. suggest, order, demand, propose, command, request, desire, insist 等动词后的宾语从句 • They demanded that the aggressor troops be withdrawn immediately. 他们要求侵略者立刻撤退。 • I propose that we set a deadline for handing in the plan. 我提议应该制定一个交计划的最后期限。

8. suggest, request, desire, order, propose, demand, command, insist 等动词后的宾语从句 it’s suggested, it’s requested, it is desired, it was ordered, it was proposed,it is important that, it is necessary that, it has been decided that等之后的主语从句

9. suggest, propose, demand, order, command, request, desire, insist 等动词后的宾语从句 suggestion, proposal, motion (提议), order, recommendations, plan, idea 等后面引出的表语从句和同位语从句中

10. 分类 • 虚拟语气分为真实条件从句和非真实条件从句两种。 • 非真实条件从句所表示的假设是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的， • 句中条件从句和主句都需用虚拟语气。

11. 一、非真实条件从句的分类 • 与现在事实相反： 例如：If I were a bird, I would fly to you. 如果我是只鸟，我就会飞到你身边去。 If it were not for their help, we should be in a very difficult position. 如果不是他们的帮忙，我们就会处于一个非常困难的境地。

12. 与过去事实相反 例如：If we had started earlier, we would not have missed the train. 如果我们早一点动身的话，就不会误车了。 If she hadn’t been ill, she might have come. 如果她不是病了，可能会来的。

13. 与将来事实相反 例如： If Professor Li should have time tomorrow, we would ask him some questions. 如果李教授明天有空的话，我们可以问他些问题。 If there should be no air, there would be no living things. 如果没有空气，就不会有生物。

14. 二、错综时间的虚拟句 • 通常情况下,在非真实条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词所指时间是一致的, 但有时也可能指不同的时间,这时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式.

15. If I were you, I would have taken his advice. (从句指现在, 主句指过去) 如果我是你，我就会听从他的建议。 　　If I had taken my raincoat with me this morning, I would not be wet now. (从句指过去,主句指现在) 如果我今天早上带了雨衣，现在就不会被淋湿了。 　　If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years, things wouldn’t be going so smoothly.(从句指过去，主句指现在)。 如果过去几年里不努力工作，现在的情况就不会如此顺利了。

16. If the weather had been more favorable, the crops would be growing still better. (从句指过去，主句指现在)。 如果当时的天气更好点，现在的庄稼就会长得更好。 　　 If we had not got everything ready by now, we should be having a more terrible time tomorrow. (从句指现在，主句指将来) 如果现在一切还没准备好，明天情况就更糟了。

17. 三、含蓄条件句 • 有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来,而是暗含在上下文中,比如通过介词短语来表示。 • 这些介词常是： • but for, • without, • otherwise等。

18. But for your advice, I could not have done it so successfully. 如果不是听了你的建议，我就不会做的如此成功。 　　 The change could not have taken place without the open-door policy. 没有开放的政策，就不会有如此大的变化。 　　 I was so busy then, Otherwise, I would have told him the answer. 我当时很忙，否则，我就会把答案告诉他的。

19. 四、虚拟语气在某些从句中的应用 1、wish后宾语从句中虚拟语气的用法 1）对现在情况的虚拟（与现在的事实相反）：从句用过去式 I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around. 但愿我的家乡四季如春。 I wish I were a bird. (wish, were) 但愿我是只小鸟。

20. 2）对过去情况的虚拟（和过去的事实相反）：宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时 He wishes he hadn‘t lost the chance.他真希望没有失去机会。

21. 3）对将来情况的虚拟(表示将来的主观愿望)：从句动词"would/should/could/might + 动词原形“ I wish it would stop raining 我希望雨能停止。(事实上雨还在下着呢) I wish you would be quiet.(would + be)我希望你安静一些。(事实上那家伙还在吵着呢)

22. 2、suggest, order, demand, propose, command, request, desire, insist等动词后的宾语从句. Should +动词原形，should 可以省略。 They demanded that the aggressor troops (should) be withdrawn immediately. 他们要求侵略者立刻撤退。 　　I propose that we (should) set a deadline for handing in the plan. 我提议应该制定一个交计划的最后期限。

23. 3、 it’s suggested, it is desired, it’s requested, it was ordered that, it was proposed that, it is necessary that, it is important that, it has been decided that 等之后的主语从句。 Should +动词原形，should 可以省略。

24. It is necessarythat he (should) be sent there at once. 有必要立刻派他前往。　　 It’s requiredthat Mr. Lee (should) give a performance at the party. 要求李先生在晚会上出个节目。 　　It’s desiredthat we (should) get everything ready by tonight. 要求我们在今晚前把一切准备好。

25. 4、在suggestion, motion, proposal, order, recommendations, plan, idea 等后面引出的表语从句和同位语从句中。 Should +动词原形，should 可以省略。

26. The order came that all villagers evacuate from the village. 要求所有村民撤退的命令下达了。 　　I second Xiao Li’s motion that we set up a special board to tackle the problem. 小李提议成立一个特别委员会处理此问题，我附议。

27. 5、在下列句型中要用 should +动词原形。如：it is a pity, it is a shame, it is incredible, it is strange, it is no wonder。 It is a pity that he should be so conceited. 很可惜，他这个人竟然这么自大。 　　It’s strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings. 奇怪的是他竟看不到自己的缺点。

28. 6、as if, as though 引起的从句，其用法同 wish 构成的宾语从句一样 I remember the whole thing as if it happened yesterday. 我清楚地记得这件事就象昨天刚刚发生的。 　　 It seems as if it were spring already 似乎现在已经是春天的样子了。

29. 7、以 lest, for fear that, in case引出的从句，动词多用 should + 动词原形，表示 “惟恐”的意思。 He took an umbrella with him lest it should rain. 他带上雨伞以免下雨。 　　 He burned all the important documents for fear that they should fall into the enemy‘s hands. 他把所有的重要文件全部烧毁以免落入敌人的手中。 　　 Here’s some money in case you should need it. 这是点钱以免你用地着。

30. 8、在 if only引出的感叹句中 If only I hadn’t lost it! 如果我要不丢该多好！ 　　 If only I could see him once! 再能看到他一次该有多好！ 　　 Oh, if he only knew how we miss him! 噢，希望他能知道我是多么思念他！

31. 9、在 it is high time that之后的定语从句中，谓语动词常用过去式表表示虚拟语气。It is time that we went (should go) to bed. 现在该上床了。 　　 It’s high time that we (should) put an end to this controversy. 现在该是结束这场争辩的时候了。

32. 练习 1.中文：我要是你，我不会那么做。 (误) I shouldn't do that if I was you. (正) I shouldn't do that if I were you.（表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气不能用was，只能用were。）

33. 2.中文：要是我父亲现在在这里，他会告诉我该做什么。2.中文：要是我父亲现在在这里，他会告诉我该做什么。 (误) If my father were here now, he will tell me what to do. (正) If my father were here now, he would tell me what to do.（表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气中，主句的助动词只能用would，might等过去时。）

34. 3.中文：要是我知道她的电话号码，我就会给她打电话了。3.中文：要是我知道她的电话号码，我就会给她打电话了。 (误)If I knew her telephone number, I would have called her. (正)If I had known her telephone number, I would have called her.（表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气中，条件从句的动词要用过去完成时。）

35. 4.中文：要是昨天没下雨她也许会来。 (误) If it had not rained yesterday, he might come. (正) If it had not rained yesterday, he might have come.（表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气中，主句的动词要用助动词的过去时might，could等＋HAVE＋过去分词。）

36. 5.中文：我不认为我会失败，但要是我失败了，我会再努力。5.中文：我不认为我会失败，但要是我失败了，我会再努力。 (误) I don't think that I shall fail. But if I failed, I would try again. (正) I don't think that I shall fail. But if I should fail, I would try again.（表示与将来事实相反的虚拟语气中，条件从句的动词用should加原形动词。）

37. 6.中文：他要是带了钱就会买它。 (误)Did he bring some money with him, he would have bought it. (正)Had he brought some money with him, he would have bought it.（表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气中，条件从句的动词要用过去完成时，若省略if，则用倒装形式。）

38. 7.中文：她要是个男人可能会当选总统。 (误) Be she a man, she might be elected president. (正) Were she a man, she might be elected president.（表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，不能用was，只能用were；若省略if，则将were放在句首。）

39. 8.中文：我提议提高教师的薪资。 (误) I suggested that the teachers' wages could be increased. (正) I suggested that the teachers' wages (should) be increased.（suggest当建议讲时，后面的名词从句的主要动词要用should加原形动词，should可以省略。）

40. 9.中文：他这么做是重要的。 (误)It is important that he will do it. (正)It is important that he do it.（It is important＋that引导的名词从句的动词要用should加原形动词，should可以省略。）