Acids & Bases

1. Acids & Bases

2. Goal 1Compare and contrast the characteristics of acids and bases

3. Acids 1. Taste sour

5. 2. Donates Hydrogen ions H+ 3. Forms Hydronium ions H3O+ Products of a chemical reaction will showH3O

6. Products of a chemical reaction will showH3O HCl + H2O  H3O+ + Cl-

7. 4. Turns Universal Indicator to RED

8. 5. It Burns skin and tissue

9. 6. Conducts electricity

10. 7. Crystalline Solid

11. Stomach acid Battery acid Examples

12. Bases 1. Tastes Bitter

13. 2. Hydroxide ions OH- KOH  K+ + OH- NH3 + H2O  NH4+ + OH-

14. 3. Turns Universal Indicator to BLUE

15. 4. Corrosive (feels slippery)

16. 5. Can also conduct electricity

17. Examples Sodium hydroxide pellets

18. Goal 2Relate the pH value to the concentration and strength of a dissolved acid or base

19. pH measures hydronium ions (H3O+)

20. Comparative concentrations

21. Concentration changes by powers of 10 pH =1 has 10x more than pH = 2 pH = 1 has 100x more than pH = 3 More  Less 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

22. Goal 3Identify the products of neutralization reactions

23. Acid + Base  water H3O+ + OH-  H2O

24. KOH + HNO3  ___+ ___+___

25. KOH + HNO3  H2O + K+ + NO3- Is it balanced?

26. Must have = amounts of hydronium and hydroxide ions to completely neutralize

27. Goal 4Explain how common acidic and basic household substances work

28. Soap = basic surrounds oily substances allows emulsion in water Whisked away!

29. Molarity • Molarity = moles solute Liters of solution Tells us how strong a solution is... the higher the molarity, the more solute is dissovled in the liquid. A 10M acid is much stronger than a 1 M acid.

30. Remember moles??? • Use the periodic table to find how many grams there are in one mole of a substance • CuSO4 • Cu = 64 g/mole • S = 32 g/mole • O = 16 g/mole X 4 • 159 g/mole

31. % by volume • Another way to talk about solution strength is to refer to the percent by volume. • Only used when a liquids is dissolved in a liquid • % v/v = Volume of solute X100 Volume of solution

32. % by mass • When units are all in grams…. • % m/m = grams solute X 100 grams solutions

33. Detergents = basic lather in hard water do not form soap scum

35. Ammonia = basic emulsifies oil whisked away!

36. Bleach = basic Disinfectant kill bacteria & viruses

37. Thanks to the following people who have generously shared their images on the creative commons of Flickr: Progoddess…I love lemon & peppermint Frotzed2… gave your kid a lemon  Bunchofpants… pickle on a fork Brad Lauster… Big Papa G.J. Charlet III… hey kool-aid! Interplast… acid burn Duchamp… electric pickle Deanj… Old ray-o-vacs Wallyg… Homer!! Jemsweb… walnut Greg McElhatton… unsweetened chocolate Santoslilhelper… slippery when wet

38. Thanks to the following people who have generously shared their images on the creative commons of Wikipedia: Walkerma… sodium hydroxide pellets

40. Want to see something cool? Copy this link to your browser http://pickle.xr.ca/

41. Acid + Base  water + salt H3O+ + Cl- + Na+ + OH-  2H2O + Na+ + Cl-

42. H3O+ + Cl- + Al+ + OH-  ___ + ___ + __

43. H3O+ + Cl- + Na+ + OH-  2H2O + Al+ + Cl-