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Fragmented Worlds: The Middle Ages in East and West

Fragmented Worlds: The Middle Ages in East and West. I . Germanic Migrations and a new Europe A.    Edward Gibbon (1737-1794) B. Germanic and non-Germanic Migrations to the West Mapping Europe in the Dark Ages The Rise of the Franks and Clovis conversion (496)

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Fragmented Worlds: The Middle Ages in East and West

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  1. Fragmented Worlds: The Middle Ages in East and West

  2. I. Germanic Migrations and a new Europe A.    Edward Gibbon (1737-1794) B. Germanic and non-Germanic Migrations to the West Mapping Europe in the Dark Ages The Rise of the Franks and Clovis conversion (496) II. The Byzantine Empire and Maintaining Romanness in the East A. The Reign of Justinian B. Expansion and Decline of Byzantine World IV. The Rise and Development of the Islamic World A. Background and Muhammad as Prophet B. Islamic Beliefs—Five Pillars C. Spread of Islam D. Islamic Scholarship Fragmented Worlds: Middle Ages in East & West

  3. I. Germanic Migrations, Fall of Rome, and New Europe A.  Edward Gibbon (1737-1794) “the triumph of barbarism and religion” B. Germanic and non-Germanic Migrations to the West • Huns, Visigoths, Vandals, Ostrogoths, Franks, Angles, Saxons…. • Relationship between Germanic Politics and Culture with Roman Society C. Mapping Europe in the Dark Ages • The Rise of the Franks and Clovis’s conversion to Christianity (496)

  4. Germanic Migrations

  5. The End of the Western Roman Empire • The German migrations: Visigoths, Ostrogoths, Vandals & Franks; Lombards later • Visigoths defeat Roman army at Adrianople in 378 • Emperor Valens dies in battle • Assimilation of the German peoples into empire • Visigoths under Alaric sack Rome (410) • Augustine writes City of God • Attila and Huns invade Italy in 452 • Vandals lead attack on Rome in 455

  6. The End of the Western Roman Empire (cont’d) • Attila and Huns invade Italy in 452 • Vandals lead attack on Rome in 455 • Odovacer (German mercenary for Rome) rebels and takes western Empire for himself • Ostrogoths under Theodoric attack the Roman Empire and enter Rome (493) • “Rome fell to the Goths in the 1164th year after its foundation,” –Venerable Bede (c. 673-735) • The withdrawal to the countryside (transition from slavery to serfdom)

  7. Mapping Europe in the Dark Ages • The Rise of the Franks • Clovis (466-511) and his conversion (496) • 732--Charles Martel defeats Muslims at Poitiers • Boniface and Barbarian Conversions (680-754?) • 755-756—Franks defeat Lombards • Gift of papal state by Pepin

  8. The Byzantine Empire I. Maintaining Romanness in a multicultural world • The Reign of Justinian (527-565) Nika Revolts 532 Church: Hagia Sophia (537) Law: uniform law for empire Corpus Juris Civilis III. Expansion and Decline of Empire

  9. Maintaining Romanness in a multicultural world • The Reign of Justinian (527-565) • 532: Nika Revolts • Church • Eastern Church and orthodoxy • Hagia Sophia (537) • Society and Politics • Bribery and limits on women’s status • Powerful bureaucracy • Taxes, expansion, and building projects • Codification of law • Uniform law for Empire based on precedent • Corpus JurisCivilis

  10. Mosiac of Emperor Justinian (527-564)

  11. Hagia Sophia A.D. 537

  12. I. Maintaining Romanness in a multicultural world • The Reign of Justinian (527-565) • 532: Nika Revolts • Church • Eastern Church and orthodoxy • Hagia Sophia (537) • Society and Politics • Bribery and limits on women’s status • Powerful bureaucracy • Taxes, expansion, and building projects • Codification of law • Uniform law for Empire based on precedent • Corpus Juris Civilis

  13. Theodora (d. 548), Wife of Emperor Justinian

  14. III. Byzantine Empire: Gradual Decline • Persian invasions: Jerusalem (614) and Egypt (619) • Siege of Constantinople by the Avars (626) • Defeat of Byzantine army by the Bulgars (670) • The decline of urban life

  15. Europe at the death of Justinian, 565

  16. IV. The Rise and Development of the Islamic World • Background • Muhammad as Prophet • Islamic Beliefs • Spread of Islam • Islamic Scholarship

  17. The Rise of Islam • Bedouins before the 7th century • Muhammed (c. 570-632) and the Qur’an • Monotheism: • Hegira the journey from Mecca to Yathrib (Medina) • and back (622) • The five pillars of Islam: Faith, prayer 5 times daily, zakat (alms), fast of Ramadan, pilgrimage to Mecca • Ummah = community of believers Koran in the majestic Kufic script (7th or 8th century)

  18. The five pillars of Islam: Faith (shahadah) Prayer (salah) Charity (Zakat) Fast of Ramadan (9th month of Islamic calendar) Pilgrimage to Mecca (hajj) (629)

  19. Ka’ba: Black meteorite in Mecca 624: Battle of Badr 629: Mecca

  20. Islamic Conquests • Battle of Badr 624 (control of Mecca) • Conquest of Palestine and Persia by 637 • Seige of Constantinople 674 • Conquest of Visigothic kingdom by 711 • Battle of Poitiers/Tours 734

  21. Growth of Islam by Eighth Century Martel turns back Muslims at Poitiers by 732

  22. Scientific and cultural contributions to the West • Inquiry and Islam • Philosophy • IbnSina 980-1037 • Mathematics • Al-Khwarizmi book on “Al-jabr” • Science • Navigation

  23. Astrolabe Family of Al-Asturlabi Measures altitude of sun to calculate time and latitutde

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