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Exposure Data Landscape

Exposure Data Landscape. Peter P. Egeghy National Exposure Research Laboratory. NCCT Elaine Cohen Hubal Richard Judson Shad Mosher Sumit Gangwal Doris Sloan Jamie Vail. NERL Dan Vallero Linda Sheldon Carry Croghan Cecilia Tan. Acknowledgements. Disclaimer.

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Exposure Data Landscape

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  1. Exposure Data Landscape Peter P. EgeghyNational Exposure Research Laboratory

  2. NCCT Elaine Cohen Hubal Richard Judson Shad Mosher Sumit Gangwal Doris Sloan Jamie Vail NERL Dan Vallero Linda Sheldon Carry Croghan Cecilia Tan Acknowledgements Disclaimer This work may not necessarily reflect official Agency policy.

  3. Outline • Context • History • Assessment of Current Landscape • Expectations of the Future

  4. Large Numbers and Volumes of Chemicals are Produced • Chemical production has increased spectacularly since 1970s • Expansion of chemical portfolio • Expansion of types of products • Ubiquitous integration • Formidable number of chemicals in commercial use • 143,000 substances in Europe • 100,000 in US • Approximately 30,000 substances marketed in volumes > 1 t/y • About 3,000 HPV chemicals make up 95% of total production * Projected

  5. Size of Chemical Universe Makes Exposure Assessment Difficult • The vast majority of chemicals in commerce: • Are unmeasured in environmental or biological media • Have unknown environmental fate and exposure potential • Have non-quantified human and ecosystem health impacts • Resource and technological limits • Exposure modeling • Broader indicators and surrogates • Production volume, use category, product formulation, chemical release, pathways, degradation, activities/behaviors • Need for high throughput methods

  6. Exposure Framework FATE/TRANSPORT CONCENTRATION ACTIVITY EXPOSURE MANUFACTURE RELEASE PRODUCT 1 PRODUCT 2 PRODUCT 3 PRODUCT 4 PRODUCT 5 Market Share Population PRODUCT 6 Location Frequency PRODUCT 7 Timing PRODUCT 8 PRODUCT … PRODUCT n WorkplaceExposure Water Food EnvironmentalRelease Chemical Transportation Land A C T I V I T I E S Air Production/Formulation(Product orProcessing Aid) Disposal Incineration INTERMEDIATES CHEMICAL HumanExposure Recycling SewageTreatment DEGRADATES ConsumerUse IndoorAir OutdoorAir SurfaceDust Soil A C T I V I T I E S Food Water

  7. Compilation of federally managed data systems with exposure information Conducted jointly by EPA, CDC, and ATSDR Premise: Data systems exist that could be used to conduct studies and evaluate regulatory effectiveness Identified databases: Environmental Measurements 54 Micro-Environmental Concs 10 Human Samples 13 1992 Inventory of Data

  8. Data Sharing Pressures Have Increased • Changes in information technology reenergized the decades-old call for consistency and standardized procedures for collecting, storing, and reporting exposure-related information • Public Health: epidemiology, exposure limits, risk management • NIH Data Sharing Policy (2003) • Data sharing plan included in application (>$500K) • OMB Circular A-110 – Applies to EPA as well • Journals being asked to require basic data as supplementary material • Recently, REACH legislation has produced increased interest • Manufacturers/Importers required to consider likely exposures • Predictive tools are being developed

  9. Accessible Exposure Databases Aid Chemical Prioritization • Accessible exposure databases facilitate: • Application of environmental informatics tools • Linkages with toxicity data (ACToR, DSSTox) • Linkages with product usage data • Large-scale, multidimensional data analysis • Formal representation of key concepts and relationships • Defines exposure domain and data structure Brazma et al., 2006 Genetics 7:593-605

  10. EPA’s Online ACToR Database (www.epa.gov/actor)

  11. Source/Release Overview of Exposure Data Sources Production/ Import Volumes EPA HPVIS EPA IUR EU ESIS Environmental Releases EPA TRI HC NPRI DOE GHG Consumer Products Household Products DB Voluntary Cosmetic Reg. DB Product Usage Information EPA Pesticide Usage Data UK Pharma-ceutical Usage USDA DB Production/ Process Information EPA HPVIS ATSDR Tox Profiles DEA NFLIS Environmental Transformation Environmental Fate Simulator ECOTOX DB EU CAESAR Transport/Fate Outdoor Air Monitoring/ Modeling EPA AirData EPA NATA UN IPCC GHG Water Monitoring Data EPA NCOD & UCM Program UK Pharm Water Environmental Concentration DOE IndoorAir EPA HEDS WHO Global Indoor Air DB Indoor Air Monitoring Data Human Exposure Monitoring EPA HEDS FDA TDS THL Platform Activity Patterns Information EPA NHAPS EPA CHAD Human Biological Monitoring CDC NHANES EPA HEDS German ES Exposure

  12. Number of Unique Chemicals by Data Type

  13. Other Data Aggregators • UMDNJ Environmental Bioinformatics Knowledge Base (ebKB) • NLM Hazardous Substances Databank (HSDB) • ATSDR HazDat/Sequoia • EPA Envirofacts Data Warehouse • EPA DataFinder

  14. In Development: ExpoCast DataBase

  15. Curate and integrate data in CTD Develop exposure ontology Define scope of data to be curated Test curation protocol Another New Initiative:CTD Exposure Data Curation Pilot Source: C. Mattingly

  16. ILSI HESI initiative to advance risk assessment Multi-stakeholder approach and collaboration Particular attention to exposure assessment Facilitate integration of exposure data Rapid prioritization Chemical evaluation Chemical management Key focus: Exposure Data Standards Disseminate data Link with toxicity data Risk21 Exposure Science Sub-Team

  17. Conclusions • Exposure surrogates exist across the source-to-dose continuum • New publically accessible systems are constantly being added • Several efforts are currently underway to catalog and link the varied sources of exposure data • These efforts support much needed predictive models for screening chemicals based on exposure • Data sharing pressures will accelerate these efforts

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