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Fascists and Communists

Fascists and Communists. 30.2 |The response to misery . The Soviet Union. From 1917 – 1991 The most durable 20 th century authoritarian government Seized power through revolution Not nationalistic, as it was an ideology Exportable: Western fears of “ Red Scare”

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Fascists and Communists

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  1. Fascists and Communists 30.2 |The response to misery

  2. The Soviet Union • From 1917 – 1991 • The most durable 20th century authoritarian government • Seized power through revolution • Not nationalistic, as it was an ideology • Exportable: Western fears of “Red Scare” • A dictatorship of the proletariat • Cheka • War Communism: economic central planning • State-owned industry and collectivization

  3. Early Problems and Division • Disdain of central planning • Strikes in 1920 and 1921(peasants and workers) • Lenin’s New Economic Policy 1921 • Allowed for some private economic enterprise • Made a land of small farms and businesses • Stroke 1922 and death 1924 • Joseph Stalin v. Leon Trotsky • Internal development v. global revolution • Lenin suggested Stalin be dismissed: Stalin destroyed evidence

  4. Reforming Russia • “Socialism in one country” 1924 • Russian advancement was popular • Trotsky outlawed in 1929: murdered in 1940 • The 5-Year Plan 1928 and the Great Depression • Rapid industrialization • Collectivization 1929 • Ukrainian kulaks fight the system • C. 10 million deaths and millions more to gulags • Success however: 1928-1940 saw a 400% industrial increase • Stalin’s purges • Paranoia led to executions of an estimated millions: issues

  5. Fascism Rises • Fearing the spread of the “red” • Ultra-nationalist states would rise • Fascism (the fasces) • Stop the spread of bolshevism: assist middle-class/small farmers • Single-party dictatorships with nationalistic cause • Social unrest in Italy 1919-21 • Fear of communist revolution • Fascists support conservative control in the north • Benito Mussolini’s party supports this “order”

  6. Fascist Italy • Fascist popularity in the north led to • A view of fascism as a solution • Mussolini elected prime minister by the king • Use of dictatorial power to control society • Use of terrorism to control opponents • Heavy use of propaganda

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