Lektion 1 – Grammatik

1. Lektion 1 – Grammatik Verben im Präsens(verbs in the simple present)

2. Steps to build the simple present: Take the infinitive, e.g. “kommen” Take away the “en” to create the stem -> “komm” add the ending, dependent on the person you use: i.e. 1. Person Singular: “e” -> ichkomme 2. Person Singular: “st” -> du kommst

3. kommen e st t en t en en

4. We add an “e” in the 2. / 3. Person Singular and the 2. Person Plural with verbs that end in the stem “t”, “d”, “m” or “n” e.g. arbeiten(work), finden (find) The reason for adding an “e” is to simplify the way of speaking.

5. arbeiten e est et en et en en

6. We omit the “s” in the 2. Person Singular with verbs that end in the stem with “ß”, “s”, “ss”, “z”or “tz” e.g. heißen, reisen, sitzen The reason for omitting the “s” is to simplify the way of speaking. Study Tip - in this case 2.Person Singular and 3.Person Singular are the same

7. heißen e t t en t en en

8. There are some verbs that change the vowel in the 2. and 3. Person Singular. Common changes are e -> i(e.g. sprechen) or ie(e.g. lesen), a -> ä (e.g. fahren) Study Tip - learn verbs with the Infinitive and the 3. Person Singular (so you know when there is a vowel change)

9. sprechen e sprich st t sprich en t en en

10. lesen e lies t t lies en t en en

11. fahren e fähr st fähr t en t en en