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Transposon

Transposon. “Jumping Genes” DNA Sequence that moves from one location to another Insertion Sequence “retro” – made with transcriptase (like virsuses). Transposon. Direct repeats. Composite. Adds extra genes between two insertions. Regulation of Metabolic Pathway. Regulate genes

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Transposon

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  1. Transposon • “Jumping Genes” • DNA Sequence that moves from one location to another • Insertion Sequence • “retro” – made with transcriptase (like virsuses)

  2. Transposon • Direct repeats

  3. Composite • Adds extra genes between two insertions

  4. Regulation of Metabolic Pathway • Regulate genes • Regulates enzymes

  5. Operons • A unit of genetic material that functions in bacteria and phages • Clustered gene with one promoter • On/off switch

  6. Negative Gene Regulation • Repressible operons • Transcription is inhibited • Inducible operons • Transcription is stimulated

  7. The trp Operon • Corepressor – absent makes tryptophan

  8. Repressor • Corepressor – present stops tryptophan production • Corepressor – helper for repressor

  9. lac operon • Lactose absent / repressor active – operon off

  10. lac operon • Lactose present / repressor inactive – operon on • inducer

  11. Positive Gene Regulation • cAMP • Accumulates when glucose is scarce

  12. Chromatin

  13. Nucleosome • DNA and histone proteins together

  14. Repetitive DNA

  15. Gene Amplification • Not passed to children • Embryos – ribosome production • Cancer cells – drug resistance

  16. Questions??? • Gene loss?? • Gene rearrangement?? • Genome??

  17. Gene Expression

  18. Transcription Factors • A protein that binds to DNA and allows for RNA polymerase to attach and begin transcription • Enhancers – bends DNA to allow the factors to be closer to the promoter region

  19. RNA Splicing • Allows alternative mRNA molecules to be built – ex. exons will act as introns

  20. Recombinant DNA

  21. Proteasome • A giant protein complex that destroys proteins tagged for elimination by ubiquitin.

  22. DNA Testing • PCR • RFLP

  23. Practical Application • Diagnosis of Diseases • Human Gene Therapy • DNA Fingerprinting • Environmental Uses • Agricultural Uses

  24. Human Genome Project

  25. Safety and Ethical Questions • Pages 407-408 or 399

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