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TISSUE NEMATODES

TISSUE NEMATODES. TISSUE NEMATODES. Common Tissue Nematodes. Trichinella spiralis adults in small intestine larvae in tissues (mainly in muscles). Toxocara canis (dog roundworm) larvae in organs (liver brain eyes), causing visceral larva migrans

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TISSUE NEMATODES

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  1. TISSUE NEMATODES TISSUE NEMATODES

  2. Common Tissue Nematodes • Trichinella spiralis adults in small intestine larvae in tissues (mainly in muscles). • Toxocara canis (dog roundworm) larvae in organs (liver brain eyes), causing visceral larva migrans • Dracunculus medinensis (guinea worm) adult female in subcutaneous tissues • Filarial worms

  3. Life-cycle of Trichinella spiralis

  4. Trichinosis: geographic distribution

  5. Most prevalent in areas where domestic pigs are allowed to roam freely.

  6. Trichinosis Pathology: Adults cause mild gastroenteritis. Larvae cause fever, myositis and multi-system involvement which may lead to death. Diagnosis: serology, muscle biopsy. Treatment: Albendazole or Mebendazole + corticosteroids

  7. Trichinosis

  8. Visceral larva migrans: • Mainly affects children who eat soil contaminated with emberyonated (infective) eggs of Toxocara canis. • Larvae do not develop in humans but migrate continuously in viscera and encapsulate, causing tissue damage.

  9. Toxocara canis

  10. Toxocariasis • Pathology: Eosinophilia, hepatomegaly, retinitis. • Diagnosis: serology, biopsy. • Treatment: Albendazole

  11. Dracunculus medinensis

  12. Draunculiasis Caused by Dracunculus medinensis Adult female lives in subcutaneous tissues, causing a skin ulcer through which it protrudes its anterior end. Main pathology due to secondary bacterial infection and allergic reactions. Diagnosis: clinical picture. Treatment: surgical removal.

  13. FILARIAL WORMS:(Adult worms + microfilariae) 1 Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi & B. timori: Lymphatic filariasis (adults in lymphatics, microfilariae in blood) 2 Loa loa: Adults in subcutaneous and subconjunctival tissues, causing Calabar swellings. Microfilariae in blood 3 Onchocerca volvulus: Adults in subcutaneous swellings Microfilariae : mainly in skin, eyes causing River blindness

  14. LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS

  15. Lymphatic Filariasis

  16. Life-cycle of Wuchereria bancrofi

  17. LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS Mainly caused by Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi Pathology: Due to adult worm obstructing lymphatics. • Acute: lymphadenitis lymphatic varices • Chronic: lymphedema, hydrocele, chyluria.

  18. LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS Diagnosis: detection of microfilariae in blood in early stages of the disease: Blood film, Knott’s method ( concentration of 1 ml of blood), best 10 PM to 2 AM (nocturnal periodicity). Immunological tests Treatment: diethylcarbamazine (DEC) or ivermectin

  19. http://www.mectizan.org/

  20. Loiasis

  21. Loiasis • Pathology: Adult worm continously migration in subcutaneous and subconjuntival tissues, causing Calabar swellings (allergic reactions) and conjunctivitis.

  22. Loiasis • Diagnosis: detection of microfilariae in blood film. • Treatment: diethylcarbamazine (DEC) or ivermectin, surgical remonval.

  23. Onchocerciasis

  24. Onchocerciasis(river blindness) Pathology: Adults worms live in subcutaneous nodules. Main pathology caused by microfilariae in: • Skin: dermatitis • Lymph nodes: lymphadenopathy • Eyes: blindness Diagnosis: skin snip to identify microfilariae. Treatment: Ivermectin

  25. Onchocerciasis

  26. Onchocerciasis

  27. NON-FILARIALTISSUE NEMATODE INFECTIONS

  28. MAJOR FILARIAL INFECTIONS OF HUMANS

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