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Biologically Inspired Intelligent Systems

Biologically Inspired Intelligent Systems. Lecture 01 Dr. Roger S. Gaborski. Time and Location. Tuesday / Thursday: 10:00am-11:50am Room: GOL (70) - 3455. Where to Find Me. Office: 70-3647 My Lab: 70-3400 Email: rsg@cs.rit.edu Office Hours: Tuesdays, noon-2pm, or by appointment.

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Biologically Inspired Intelligent Systems

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  1. Biologically Inspired Intelligent Systems

    Lecture 01 Dr. Roger S. Gaborski Roger S. Gaborski
  2. Time and Location Tuesday / Thursday: 10:00am-11:50am Room: GOL (70) - 3455 Roger S. Gaborski
  3. Where to Find Me Office: 70-3647 My Lab: 70-3400 Email: rsg@cs.rit.edu Office Hours: Tuesdays, noon-2pm, or by appointment Roger S. Gaborski
  4. How will the course be run? Combination of Lecture and Discussion Textbook Essentials of Metaheuristics Sean Luke Department of Computer Science George Mason University Amazon $25.00 OR, download for free from Dr. Luke’s website: http://cs.gmu.edu/~sean/book/metaheuristics/ Lecture notes supplemented with material from the Internet (videos) Reading Assignments -Internet websites and journal articles Programming Homework Assignments in MATLAB Quizzes, in-Class Assignments, Exam(s) and Final Research Paper – presentation and formal write up
  5. Grading Homework: 25% Exams and quizzes: 25% Project Presentation and Report: 50% Roger S. Gaborski
  6. Course Webpage www.cs.rit.edu/~rsg Background required – basic programming skills COMPLETE BEFORE THURSDAY’S CLASS For MATLAB tutorial - Register at: http://www.mathworks.com/academia/student_center/tutorials/launchpad.html Complete Interactive MATLAB tutorial Watch short videos: Getting started with MATLAB Thursday’s lecture - Matlab
  7. Major Topics Overview of Brain Structure and Function Neural Networks – standard learning algorithms Evolutionary Algorithms inspired by biological systems Evolving neural Networks using Evolutionary Algorithms Cellular Automata models Model of Visual System
  8. Why Study Biological Systems? Evolution and the quest to survive Humans, animals and insects excel at problem solving Individually Groups Humans – raising children, hunting, business Animals – raising young, hunting Insects – food gathering by ants Apply knowledge gained from studying biological systems to engineering problems
  9. Biology  Algorithms Brain  Artificial Neural Networks Feed forward neural networks Self organizing networks etc Evolutionary biology  Evolutionary Algorithms Immune system  Artificial Immune systems Collective Social Interactions  Swarm Intelligence Annealing Metals – Simulated Annealing Synthesize life-like behaviors and creatures Artificial Life Model Structures Cellular Automata, L-systems Roger S. Gaborski
  10. Artificial Life Conferences, Organizations Alife XIII ECAL 11 (proceedings online) DDLab – discrete dynamics lab software Roger S. Gaborski
  11. Questions? How does information get to the brain? What are the functions performed by each region of the brain? How are the functions performed?
  12. How does information get to the brain? Receptors Modalities: Light, Smell, Tastes, Sounds, Touch Cellular structures that transform physical information into electrical impulses
  13. Functional Organization, continued Information from sensors in the head are carried by the cranial nerves to the brain Information from the body is carried by peripheral nerves to the spinal column and then by the axons in the spinal column
  14. Primary Areas for Each Modality There are primary areas in the cortex for each perception modality Information from each modality is sent to a specific region of the cortex Damage to these areas results in loss (partial or complete) of that modality
  15. Cranial Nerves http://www.gwc.maricopa.edu/class/bio201/cn/cranial.htm
  16. Cranial Nerves http://www.gwc.maricopa.edu/class/bio201/cn/cranial.htm
  17. Example – Visual Cortex http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/
  18. Visual System http://scien.stanford.edu/ pages/labsite/2006/psych221/ projects/06/cukur/intro_files/ image021.jpg Roger S. Gaborski
  19. Auditory Cortex Roger S. Gaborski
  20. Auditory Pathway http://products.cochlearamericas.com/ sites/default/files/images/ auditory-pathwway.img_ assist_custom-366x471.png Roger S. Gaborski
  21. Other Functions Memory Planning Problem Solving
  22. Computational Neuroscience Major focus  development and evaluation of models Use computers because complexity of models make analytical analysis intractable, but analytical studies can provide deeper insight into features of models and the reasons behind numerical findings
  23. Computational Neuroscience-2 Develop and test hypotheses about functional mechanisms of the brain Speculate how The brain does Something Develop hypotheses Realize model Test against experimental data Evaluate analytically Or numerically
  24. Levels of OrganizationWhich level do we want to investigate? Adapted from “The Computational Brain,” Churchland and Sejnowski
  25. Levels of Implementation Neuron level Design individual neuron models Design individual ‘circuits’ Train networks of neurons Evolve Networks Function level Algorithmic implementation of functions (hearing, vision, etc) Abstract level AI techniques
  26. In order to model a system, we need data How do we get information about the brain? In humans, imaging, effects of brain damage Primates and other creatures – imaging, electrodes
  27. New (or Improved) Data Collection Techniques Individual neuron recordings (100’s) New dyes to observe brain metabolism Brain imaging (MRI, fMRI, CAT, PET, …)-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroimaging Computer Simulation and Analysis Opportunity to apply analysis and modeling techniques to gain new insights to the functioning of our brain
  28. Magnetic Resonance ImagingMRI Visual internal structures in the body Good at imaging soft tissue
  29. Functional MRI Visualize neural activity Indirect measurement Commonly used in brain mapping 2-3 mm resolution
  30. PET Scan (Positron Emission Tomography) Measures emissions from radioactively labeled metabolically active chemicals Tumors, Alzheimer’s disease cause change in metablism which can be detected by PET scans
  31. Functional MRIHearing Words and Speaking Words http://www.nia.nih.gov/NR/rdonlyres/
  32. Seeing Words and Thinking About Words http://www.nia.nih.gov/NR/rdonlyres/
  33. Functional MRI A 20-year old female drinker A 20-year old female nondrinker Response to the spatial working memory task. Brain activation is shown in bright colors. www.alcoholism2.com/
  34. PET Scan 20 Year Old 80 Year Old http://www.nia.nih.gov/NR/rdonlyres/
  35. PET Scan of Normal Brain and Alzheimer's Disease Brain http://www.nia.nih.gov/NR/rdonlyres/
  36. VIDEO Brain Anatomy and Functions http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HVGlfcP3ATI&feature=related How the Body Works : The Regions of the Brain http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g6KpIrKCDwg&feature=related Be able to locate and describe the function of the following areas (On quiz): Cerebrum Brain Stem Cerebellum Frontal lobe Parietal lobe Occipital lobe Temporal lobe 
  37. Assignments Before Thursday’s class complete Matlab assignments Before Tuesday’s class, watchYouTube videos Roger S. Gaborski
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