Historical Thinking skills C onsider the source C lose reading C orroboration C ontextualization C ollect background kno

1. Historical Thinking skillsConsider the sourceClose readingCorroborationContextualizationCollect background knowledge

8. I am not, nor have ever been, in favor of bringing about in any way the social and political equality of the white and black races—that I am not nor ever have been in favor of making voters or jurors of negroes, nor of qualifying them to hold office, nor to intermarry with white people. Abraham Lincoln

11. Spectrum of Causality inevitable avoidable

12. Spectrum of Causality inevitable avoidable “Irrepressible Conflict” school “Blundering Generation” school

13. The “Blundering Generation” of American Politicians Stephen A. Douglas, US Senator 1847-1861 John C. Calhoun, US Senator 1833-1850 James Buchanan, President 1857-1861 Abraham Lincoln, President 1861-1865

16. The US in 1800 The US in 1850

18. King George III “has waged cruel war against human nature itself, violating its most sacred rights of life and liberty in the persons of a distant people who never offended him, captivating & carrying them into slavery in another hemisphere.”

20. Representatives and direct Taxes shall be apportioned among the several States which may be included within this Union, according to their respective Numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole Number of free Persons, including those bound to Service for a Term of Years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three fifths of all other Persons.

35. "The Hireling" Free but in name -- the slaves of endless toil...In squalid hut -- a kennel for the poor,Or noisome cellar, stretched upon the floor,His clothing rags, of filthy straw his bed,With offal from the gutter daily fed...These are the miseries, such the wants, the cares,The bliss that freedom for the serf prepares... "The Slave" Taught by the master's efforts, by his careFed, clothed, protected many a patient year,From trivial numbers now to millions grown,With all the white man's useful arts their own,Industrious, docile, skilled in wood and field,To guide the plow, the sturdy axe to wield...Guarded from want, from beggary secure,He never feels what hireling crowds endure,Nor knows, like them, in hopeless want to crave,For wife and child, the comforts of the slave,Or the sad thought that, when about to die,He leaves them to the cold world's charity...

36. “Enslave a man, and you destroy his ambition, his enterprise, his capacity. In the constitution of human nature, the desire of bettering one’s condition is the mainspring of effort.” --Horace Greeley

43. Missouri Compromise, 1820

46. Compromise of 1850

47. Kansas-Nebraska Act

48. If some southern gentleman wishes to take the . . . old woman who nursed him in childhood and whom he called ‘Mammy’ . . . into one of these territories, why in the name of God should anyone prevent it? North Carolina Senator George Badger We have not the least objection . . . to the Senator’s migrating to Kansas and taking his old ‘Mammy’ along with him. We only insist that he shall not be empowered to sell her after taking her there. Ohio Senator Benjamin Wade