FBE04 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION AND MATERIALS

1. FBE04 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION AND MATERIALS Alternative materials for buildings Wong ChearChing chearching@gmail.com

2. Lecture Outline Introduction What is low carbon construction (LCC) Attaining LCC Drivers for LCC Initiatives for LCC Challenges

3. Earth 2030

4. Natural resources Waste and pollution Construction projects

5. From where do we get the data on Greenhouse gas emissions?

6. Ageing building stock

7. rationalisation Low carbon construction is about ………………….. of energy consumption and thereby minimising the ……….. of construction activity on our planet. impact

8. How to attain low carbon construction? Do things differently and challenge existing ways of working and definitely there would be more potential for innovation.

9. Cut down waste - SWMP • Use of renewable energy • Minimise CO2emissions

10. More things to do Make the construction process more efficient Building design Materials used (performance and source) Energy refurbishment of buildings

11. Dealing with construction waste Using solar energy on construction sites

12. The Solar Ark Sanyo in Japan It has over 5,000 active solar panels generating over 500,000 KWh of environmentally friendly energy.

13. Solar energy roofing with photovoltaic slates

14. Energy efficiency

15. energy rating carbon emissions Energy conservation is essential to reduce …………..……… and ................ fuel poverty

16. 95% of the building stock in 2050 is already in-existence! Retrofitting

17. Cavity Wall Insulation Many houses built in the UK were built using cavity wall construction. The air gap in the cavity provided insulation. With rising energy costs it has become necessary to improve the insulating ability of the cavity.

18. It is estimated that there 6-9 million homes in Britain requiring cavity wall insulation with an estimated 4-6 million homes being regarded as ‘hard-to-fill’ Historic Listed Buildings present another complexity! http://www.insulationcavity.com/tag/heat-insulation-2

19. Can you think of an outline for the process of cavity wall insulation?

20. Self-study tutorial task “Cavity Wall insulation Company Part 1 and 2” and “Cavity Wall Insulation” @ Dailymotion After watching the video, attempt the following questions: What is the spacing between the holes drilled before applying the insulation material? What was the disruption caused to the occupants? Can you identify any of the possible shortcomings or issues related to the method used in the video? What is a smoke-bomb test and why is it used? How long did it take to do the whole job? What is a key government policy concern when it comes to wall insulation in homes?

21. Passive houses Building standard that reduces the need for heating by 90% compared to conventional build and relies on renewable energy. Zero Carbon Housing will be achieved by additionally reducing the electricity demand and alternative means of supply.

22. Environmental audit: a case study • Land use • Ecology and nature conservation • Landscape • Air quality • Cultural heritage • Traffic noise and vibration • Pedestrians and cyclists • Vehicle travellers Pre-construction cost = £50m!

24. By sourcing responsibly, customers can rest assured that their materials have been purchased from companies that take their sustainability responsibilities seriously. The concept of responsible sourcing has been already applied in the context of other industries.

25. Will the industry go for low carbon construction?

26. Drivers for low carbon construction Government intervention Incentives Legislation Promotion

27. The United Kingdom’s commitment to reduce carbon and other greenhouse gas emissions is now a matter of legal obligation. Under the Climate Change Act 2008, emissions are targeted to fall by 26% by 2020 (by comparison with a 1990 baseline) and by no less than 80% to 2050

28. Legislation Energy Performance of Buildings Directive www.eceee.org/buildings The Directive on Energy Performance in Buildings (EPBD), adopted in 2002, is the main legislative instrument affecting energy use and efficiency in the building sector in the EU. The Directive tackles both new build and the existing housing stock. European Council for an Energy Efficient Economy, eceee, is a non-profit, independent organisation.

29. Major Highlights of the recent Political Agreement by the EPBD (2009) • As of 31 December 2020 new buildings in the EU will have to consume 'nearly zero' energy and the energy will be 'to a very large extent'  from renewable sources. • Public authorities that own or occupy a new building should set an  example by building, buying or renting  such 'nearly zero energy building' as of 31 December 2018.

30. Promotion and incentivization www.buildwithcare.eu

31. Thomas Paine Study Centre

32. to capture energy use data for large buildings Incentives and promotion The Thomas Paine Study centre (TPSC), completed in 2010, is the University of East Anglia

33. www.cicstart.org/content/buildwithcare/230,213/

35. www.astm.org/MEETINGS/low_carbon_workshop.html

36. More drivers for LCC (Cont’d) Improve business performance, image, winning contracts, and CSR. Cutting down cost – Carbon footprint charges Creating new jobs – Green jobs especially in the recession

37. Construction workers visit Gordon Brown to call for green jobs  Funding the Low Carbon Buildings Programme, to satisfy demand for solar photovoltaic across the UK, has the potential to create over 100,000 British construction jobs by 2020. (Construction News, 2009)

38. Challenges when considering low carbon construction and the energy refurbishment of buildings Technology-related (performance and efficiency) Investment-related (Funding, ROI, Cost/Benefit analysis) Government initiatives (e.g. Feed-in-Tariffs) Improved data collection, reporting and use Development of new and better skills

39. What is the key performance shortcoming of renewable energy?

40. Demand-led Skills

42. ‘there has to be an element of training and it has to be more out there...it struck me that a well established company that we’re using are kind of struggling . . . you know with the principles behind it and you know they’re used to repairing straight forward systems, dead easy’ A manager in one Scottish Housing Association

43. A communal heating system (based on a ground source heat pump) installed by one Housing Association has broke down! Residents were feeling cold during winter and complained to their local MSP!

44. Summary Summary Introduction What is low carbon construction Attaining LCC Drivers for LCC Initiatives for LCC Challenges

46. Web-links Additional resources • Energy policy for a competitive Europe • Energy Efficiency in Buildings • High Performance Buildings: Perspective and Practice • solarpowerportal.co.uk/case_studies • Further reading • Kibert, Charles J. (2007) 'The next generation of sustainable construction', Building Research & Information, 35:6, 595 – 601. • Bourdeau, L. (1999) 'Sustainable development and the future of construction: a comparison of visions from various countries', Building Research & Information, 27:6, 354 – 366.

48. References