Chapter 3:

1. Chapter 3: Climate

2. All of the world’s climates take place in the atmosphere: • its protects us from harmful things from space • gives us air • gives us weather and climate

3. Climate- is the kind of weather a place has over a period of time • Weather- is the condition of the atmosphere of a place at a given time. • All weather activity is dependent upon the sun’s energy.

4. Things that Affect Climate • Pressure and Winds - pressure is the weight of the air: • hot air rises • cold air sinks • Earth’s surface will heat up and air will rise- creating a low pressure cell. (clouds, rain, snow, storms).

5. Things that Affect Climate • Cool air will weigh more and will sink- creating a high pressure cell. • Winds blow from areas of high to low pressure. • Lows turn counter clock wise in the Northern Hemisphere • Highs turn clockwise • The direction is reverses in the Southern Hemisphere.

6. Things that Affect Climate 2. Ocean Currents: • Currents- movement of water in the ocean caused by winds. • Gulf Stream- moves warm water to the North. This helps some Northern areas to be warmer. 3. Moisture in the Air: • Humidity- amount of water vapor in the air. • Warm air can hold more water vapor.

7. Things that Affect Climate 4. Storms- a release of energy stored in the water vapor in the air. • Hurricanes move from the low to mid- latitudes. 5. Elevation: • The higher one goes the colder it gets • 36 degrees F cooler for every 1000’ 6. Nearness to bodies of water

8. MT. Kilimanjaro

9. 7. Orographic Effect

10. Types of Wind • Trade Winds- blow from East to West. From NE in Northern Hemisphere, from SE in Southern Hemisphere. • Doldrums- areas with no strong winds. Along the equator. • Westerlies- in Mid-Latitudes blow from the west. • Polar Easterlies- In high latitudes • Polar Front- where the polar easterlies and westerlies come together. Stormy area.