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Isolated Diesel Grids – Renewable Integration

Marc Mueller-Stoffels, PhD. Isolated Diesel Grids – Renewable Integration. Hybrid-Diesel Power Generation. Diesel-only cost: between 0.35 and 1+ $/kWh Wind in rural AK Average $10,700/kW Large, commercial wind farms: < $3000/kW PV in rural AK We don’t really know the cost yet

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Isolated Diesel Grids – Renewable Integration

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  1. Marc Mueller-Stoffels, PhD Isolated Diesel Grids –Renewable Integration

  2. Hybrid-Diesel Power Generation • Diesel-only cost: between 0.35 and 1+ $/kWh • Wind in rural AK • Average $10,700/kW • Large, commercial wind farms: < $3000/kW • PV in rural AK • We don’t really know the cost yet • Target: $5000/kW – makes it commercially viable in many places (@ avoided fuel cost) • Note • Diesel generators: (relatively) low initial investment, but then… • RE sources: high initial investment, but then…

  3. Customer Requirements • Rural AK sees large variability in demand • Mostly high winter loads • But, in some places, industry drives high summer demand • Power has to be of decent quality • Outages are always unacceptable • Especially at 50 below

  4. Diesel Powerhouse • Generally: • Provides prime power (forms the grid, i.e., one diesel is always on) • Provides electricity AND heat • Diesels have sweet spot, outside this, efficiency suffers • Usually pretty well ‘dialed-in’ • 100+ years of operation • Cost break-down • Fuel cost • Cost of operation • Investment

  5. Integration of RE – Basic Rules • Operational envelope of diesel generators • Never under-load diesels (20 to 40%) • Do not risk overload (>110%) [keep spinning reserve] • Sudden large load swings should be avoided • Without control of RE resource • Only small amounts of RE power can be allowed • Example: distributed PV can quickly become detrimental

  6. Hybrid-Grid Control : Source Management • Curtail RE source to remain in operational envelope • Spinning reserve: • Largest sudden load rise, or amount of RE on grid, which ever is bigger

  7. Hybrid-Grid Control: Load Management • Loads that are controlled by the utility do not require spinning reserve • Examples: Pumps, electric heaters, cooling equipment • Allows operation with less or smaller diesel generators • Maximizes RE power use

  8. Diesel-off -- Game Changer? • Affordable Energy Storage • < 0.10 $/kWh • Need to replace diesel by power-electronics as prime mover • Diesel-off mode • Additional 30% fuel savings • Reduced O&M cost • Permanent diesel-off – cheaper diesel packages

  9. And the value of RE power? • Displaced Fuel • Not a linear function, but direct savings • Reduced O&Mon diesels • ‘Small’ maintenance can be scheduled based on gallons of fuel used • Hedging • Volatile fossil fuel prices are a direct risk • RE power can hedge against variation (usually fixed cost)

  10. Marc Mueller-Stoffels, PhD Research Assistant Professor Alaska Center for Energy and Power University of Alaska Fairbanks mmuellerstoffels@alaska.edu Questions?

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