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Immigration Issues in Juvenile Court

Immigration Issues in Juvenile Court. Benefits Enforcement. Immigration Law – “as easy as pie”. NON-CITIZENS. CITIZENS. Immigration Law – “as easy as pie”. NON-CITIZENS. CITIZENS. B F J K H L O P S T U V. LPR. Immigration Law – “as easy as pie”. NON-CITIZENS. CITIZENS.

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Immigration Issues in Juvenile Court

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  1. Immigration Issues in Juvenile Court Benefits Enforcement

  2. Immigration Law – “as easy as pie” NON-CITIZENS CITIZENS

  3. Immigration Law – “as easy as pie” NON-CITIZENS CITIZENS B F J K H L O P S T U V LPR

  4. Immigration Law – “as easy as pie” NON-CITIZENS CITIZENS

  5. 3/10 Year Bar > 6 months out of status in the U.S. = Must wait in native country 3 years before applying for any benefit.

  6. 3/10 Year Bar > 1 year out of status in the U.S. = Must wait in native country 10 years before applying any benefit. Applicants have the burden of proof!

  7. Out of Status Clock The clock starts running upon entry into the U.S. or when the child turns 18.* Enters U.S. 6 months 12 months Must return, wait 3 years Must return, wait 10 years 18th birthday 18.5 years old 19 years old *Children <18 years old, here without permission, are DEPORTABLE.

  8. Out of Status Clock The clock starts running upon entry into the U.S. or when the child turns 18.* El reloj comienza a funcionar quando entran los E.E.U.U. o cuando tienen 18 años.* 6 months Enters U.S. IMPORTANT Enters U.S. 6 months 12 months Must return, wait 3 years Must return, wait 10 years 18th birthday 18.5 years old 19 years old *Children <18 years old, here without permission, are DEPORTABLE. 18th birthday 18.5 years old

  9. Types of “Benefits” • Temporary Benefits • Tourist • Unskilled Labor Visa (H2A/B) • Professional/Skilled Labor Visa (H1B) • Student Visa • Victim Visa (U Visa) • Asylum • OTHER: Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) • Permanent Benefits • Family Petitions • Employer Petitions • Diversity Lottery • Other: Violence Against Women Act, Special Juveniles, Post-Asylum

  10. Unskilled Labor Visa (H2A/B) • Temporary, <1year • Must meet peak need • Cannot take job from United States Citizen • As of 9/30/2007, 65,000 per year • Long and expensive process • No Dual Intent Allowed

  11. Professional/Skilled Visa (H1B) • 65,000 per year. (Apply in April 1!) • Specialty Occupation • Good for 4 years • Dual intent allowed

  12. F-1, academic or language visa Types Of Student Visas NO CAP! • M-1, vocational or technical visa • J-1, exchange/visitor program visa • Dependents • Commuters

  13. F-1 Visa Requirements • Student must prove foreign residence with no intention of abandoning it • Bona fide student with a full course of study • Requires 12 or more units/hours • Can have 3 hours of online classes • Proficient in English • Have sufficient funds available and Medical Insurance

  14. F-1 ProcessEl Proceso de F-1 3/10 Bar? 3/10 Prohibición? I-20 https://www.fmjfee.com. http://www.usembassy.gov/ Permission for duration of study (DS) Permiso durante el programa

  15. Victims of Violence • U Visa (10,000) • Person suffered substantial physical or mental abuse from being a victim of a qualifying crime • Possesses substantial knowledge of the crime • Has been, is being, or is likely to be helpful to an agency investigating or prosecuting the crime • The crime occurred in the US (Good for 4 years, than can apply for LPR)

  16. Asylum Protection is available to a refugee, which is defined as one “who is unable or unwilling to return to… [his or her] native country because of persecution or a well-founded fear of persecution on account of race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion.” It “shall be the policy of the United States not to expel, extradite, or otherwise effect the involuntary return of any person to a country in which there are substantial grounds for believing the person would be in danger of being subjected to torture….” Must apply affirmatively within one year of entry from the United States

  17. DEFERRED ACTION FOR CHILDHOOD ARRIVALS (DACA) • NOT STATUS, BUT HANDS OFF POLICY • NO TRAVEL ABROAD • BENEFIT IS GOOD FOR 2 YEARS • NO PROCEDURE YET FOR EXTENSION • WORK AUTHORIZATION and DRIVER’S LICENSE

  18. DEFERRED ACTION FOR CHILDHOOD ARRIVALS (DACA) • 1. The applicant came to the United States under the age of 16; • 2. The applicant has continuously resided in the United States for a least five (5) years preceding June 15, 2012, and is present in the United States on June 15, 2012; • 3. The applicant is currently in school, has graduated from high school, has obtained a general education development certificate, or is an honorably discharged veteran of the Coast Guard or Armed Forces of the United States; • 4. The applicant has not been convicted of a felony offense, a significant misdemeanor offense, multiple misdemeanor offenses, or otherwise poses a threat to national security or public safety; and • 5. The applicant is not above the age of 30 years old.

  19. DEFERRED ACTION FOR CHILDHOOD ARRIVALS (DACA) WWW. USCIS.GOV GO TO “FORMS” • FORM I-821D • FORM I-765 AND I-765WS • FEE ($80 FOR FINGERPRINTS AND $385 = $485 TO U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY • DOCUMENTATION

  20. DACA • Month* Cumulative • Aug Sept Oct Nov Totals • Intake Accepted 36,601 104,910 113,494 43,829 298,834 • Rejected 1,263 3,676 3,719 1,443 10,101 • Total received 37,864 108,586 117,213 45,272 308,935 • Average /day 2,913 5,715 5,328 4,527 4,827 • Biometrics Scheduled 18,616 105,439 98,430 50,718 273,203 • Under review 0 29,552 105,648 124,572 124,572 • Approved 0 1,707 26,908 24,658 53,273 • Top Countries of Origin Received to Date • Mexico 212,514 • El Salvador 13,769 • Honduras 8,577 • Guatemala 7,630 • Peru 5,052 • South Korea 4,880 • Brazil 4,345 • Colombia 3,856 • Ecuador 3,737 • Philippines 2,613 • Top States of Residence Received to Date • California 81,858 • Texas 47,727 • New York 19,320 • Florida 15,318

  21. Types of “Benefits” • Temporary Benefits • Tourist • Unskilled Labor Visa (H2A/B) • Professional/Skilled Labor Visa (H1B) • Student Visa • Victim Visa (U Visa) • Asylum • OTHER: Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) • Permanent Benefits • Family Petitions • Employer Petitions • Diversity Lottery • Other: Violence Against Women Act, Special Juveniles, Post-Asylum

  22. Visa Bulletin for MAY 2012 FAMILY-SPONSORED PREFERENCES • First:  Unmarried Sons and Daughters of Citizens • Second:  Spouses and Children, and Unmarried Sons and Daughters of Permanent Residents • A.  Spouses and Children • B.  Unmarried Sons and Daughters (<21yo) • Third:  Married Sons and Daughters of Citizens • Fourth:  Brothers and Sisters of Adult Citizens.

  23. Visa BulletinFAMILY-BASED PREFERENCES

  24. Visa Bulletin for 2012 EMPLOYMENT-BASED PREFERENCES • First: Priority Workers • Second: Members of the Professions Holding Advanced Degrees or Persons of Exceptional Ability • Third: Skilled Workers, Professionals • Other Workers: Unskilled Workers • Fourth: Certain Special Immigrants • Fifth: Employment Creation: 3,000 set aside for investors

  25. Visa Bulletin EMPLOYER-SPONSORED PREFERENCES

  26. DIVERSITY LOTTERY • Registration is between October and December each year • Free • Only for countries with low incidents of immigration

  27. Violence Against Women Act • Spouse, child, or parent to a US Citizen or Lawful Permanent Resident • Who cohabitated with the abuser • Who is battered or subjected to extreme cruelty • Person of good moral character

  28. SPECIAL IMMIGRANT JUVENILE Covers a Child who has: • Been declared dependent by a juvenile court in the US or has been placed by such court in the custody of a state agency or other individual or entity and • Whose reunification of one or both of his or her parents is not viable due to abuse, neglect, abandonment, or a similar basis found under state law • Requires a judicial proceeding to determine it is not in the child’s best interests to his/her country or his/her parent’s country or last habitual residence.

  29. Immigration Law – “as easy as pie” NON-CITIZENS CITIZENS B F J K H L O P S T U V LPR

  30. How does an Immigration Case Start? ALL PEOPLE have the right to remain SILENT and the right to an ATTORNEY Teton County Sheriff’s Department Policy is to leave it up to each Deputy’s discretion Wyoming Highway Patrol Policy is to ask for documentation Showing you are legally present In the United States Federal Park Rangers Jackson Police Department

  31. PROSECUTORIAL DISCRETION • The person’s length of presence in the United States, giving particular consideration to presence in lawful status; • The circumstances of the person’s arrival and entry into the United States, especially if the person came to the United States as a young child; • The person’s pursuit of education, particularly students who have graduated from United States high school or have successfully pursued or are pursuing a college degree; • Military service of the person or their family member; • The person’s criminal history; • The person’s immigration history; • Whether the person is a national security or safety concern; • The person’s ties and contributions to the community; • The person’s ties to their home country and the condition therewith; • The person’s age with particular consideration given to minors and the elderly; • Whether the person has a U.S. Citizen or permanent resident spouse, child, or parent;

  32. PROSECUTORIAL DISCRETION The person’s length of presence in the United States, giving particular consideration to presence in lawful status; The circumstances of the person’s arrival and entry into the United States, especially if the person came to the United States as a young child; The person’s pursuit of education, particularly students who have graduated from United States high school or have successfully pursued or are pursuing a college degree; Military service of the person or their family member; The person’s criminal history; The person’s immigration history; Whether the person is a national security or safety concern; The person’s ties and contributions to the community; The person’s ties to their home country and the condition therewith; The person’s age with particular consideration given to minors and the elderly; Whether the person has a U.S. Citizen or permanent resident spouse, child, or parent;

  33. Resources American Immigration Lawyers Association (www.aila.org) Immigration Advocates Network (www.ian.org) Elisabeth Trefonas and Rosslyn Read Trefonas Law, P.C. (307)203-9019 (www.TrefonasLaw.com)

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