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Do Now. Get out Roman Roads activity, pass it forward. Take this practice matching quiz on your new Do Now sheet. The Pax Romana. The Roman Empire. Augustus Caesar aka – Octavian, sets up Roman Empire in 27 BC after defeating Marc Anthony. Creates many reforms like:
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Do Now • Get out Roman Roads activity, pass it forward. • Take this practice matching quiz on your new Do Now sheet.
The Roman Empire • Augustus Caesar aka – Octavian, sets up Roman Empire in 27 BC after defeating Marc Anthony. • Creates many reforms like: • Civil service system – people of all classes can have jobs. • Set up uniform rule of law • Guaranteed safe travel/trade on Roman roads • Created common coinage - make trade easier. • PRAETORIAN GUARD- Police of Rome
The Pax Romana • Augustus’ reign started 200 year period known as Pax Romana – Roman peace. • 27 BC to AD 180 was peaceful and stable. • **ONLY INSTABILITY** was transfer of power - law didn’t provide easy succession of Emperors.
Awesome Augustus (27 B.C. - 14 A.D.) • Often said Emperor Augustus, “Found Rome a city of brick and left it a city of marble.” • Unified and enlarged Roman Empire using imperial authority and strong military. http://www.unf.edu/classes/freshmancore/core1images/augustus.jpg
The Julian Emperors • Augustus dies in AD 14. • 4 emperors who follow are the Julian emperors = all related to Julius Caesar.
Tiberius (14-37 A.D.) • Very unpopular • Known for making poor decisions and for attacking his enemies. • Said that ruling Rome was like “holding a wolf by it’s ears.” http://www.pbs.org/empires/romans/empire/tiberius.html
Crazy Caligula! (37-41 A.D.) • Caligula takes over in AD 37. • Grand- nephew to Tiberius • Brutal, corrupt, mentally disturbed • Names his horse to be a consul. • Praetorian Guard assassinated Crazy Caligula in AD 41. http://www.aeria.phil.uni-erlangen.de/photo_html/portraet/roemisch/kaiserzeit/benannt/caligula/caligu4.JPG
Crippled Claudius(41-54 A.D.) • Paralyzed uncle of Caligula takes over in AD 41. • Very smart, great leader. • His humility made him very popular • Dies in AD 54 • Stepson Nero takes the throne http://www.pbs.org/empires/romans/empire/claudius.html
Nasty Nero(54-68 A.D.) • Got the crazy genes from Caligula. • Had mother, wife, and many senators murdered. • Persecuted Christians What does persecute mean? • Neglected duties, became fearful he would be killed, and committed suicide in AD 68. http://www.pbs.org/empires/romans/empire/nero.html
Confusion and Chaos • In next year, 4 generals lead Rome (“The Year of the Four Emperors”). • Vespasian eventually wins, starts rule in AD 69. (rules for ten years) • Extends Roman citizenship to all men in military. • Sons Titus and Domitian take over.
Vespasian(69-79 A.D.) • Pivotal moment: The first emperor not related to the family of Augustus, Vespasian achieved imperial power by the support of the armies and via a special law enacted to confer authority on him. http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/romans/romespivotalemperors_gallery_02.shtml
The Good Emperors • Good Emperors rule from AD 96- 180. • Include : • Nerva – appointed by Senate, popular with people, not with military • Trajan - extended empire to its furthest reaches • Hadrian – Builds Wall across north Britain to protect against invaders. • Secured the Roman borders. • Antoninus Pius • Marcus Aurelius – Respected scholar - His death in AD 180 ends the Pax Romana
Hadrian • 117-138 A.D. http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/romans/romespivotalemperors_gallery_03.shtml
Hadrian’s Wall http://www.contours.co.uk/self-guided/images/hadrians-wall.gif http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/upload/img_400/hw_housesteads_03.jpg
Marcus Aurelius • ・Born 121 AD • Reigned 161 - 180 AD http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/romans/romespivotalemperors_gallery_04.shtml http://skyscraper.fortunecity.com/quantum/773/fotos/gladiator6.jpg
Summary • “The emperor was what he did.” • Regardless of the strengths or weaknesses of a leader, Rome still ran fairly smoothly. • Many of the problems are rooted in the fact that Augustus never set up clear standards for succession of power. • The emperor answered first and foremost to the military.
The End of the Pax Romana • A succession of weak leaders and civil wars follows as Rome begins its slow decline.
Reflection • After learning about some of the emperors, the Pax Romana does not seem very peaceful? Why do you think it carried that name?