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自我介紹

自我介紹. 孫 國 洋 ( Didier Sun ) 苗 栗 人 東海大學 統計學系 走跳、喇滴賽、吃早餐. CHAPTER 4 Organizational Relationships . 任課老師：任 維 廉 老師 報 告 人：孫國洋 日 期： Nov.22.2012. OUTLINE. Organizational Ecosystems Resource Dependence Collaborative Networks Population Ecology Institutionalism Design Essentials

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自我介紹

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  1. 自我介紹 • 孫 國 洋 ( Didier Sun ) • 苗 栗 人 • 東海大學 統計學系 • 走跳、喇滴賽、吃早餐

  2. CHAPTER 4 Organizational Relationships 任課老師：任維廉 老師 報 告 人：孫國洋 日 期：Nov.22.2012

  3. OUTLINE • Organizational Ecosystems • Resource Dependence • Collaborative Networks • Population Ecology • Institutionalism • Design Essentials • Discussion

  4. 1.Organizational Ecosystems • Organizational Ecosystems • The systems formed by the interaction of a community of organizations and their environment. • InterorganizationalRelationships • Defined as the relatively enduring resource transactions, flows, and linkages that occur among two or more organizations.

  5. 1.Organizational Ecosystems • Is competition dead ? • Organizations are involved in complex networks, the number of corporate alliances are increasing. • Traditional competition no longer exists. • Companies find that they must co-evolve with others in the ecosystem. • In an organizational ecosystem, conflict and cooperation exist at the same time.

  6. 1.Organizational Ecosystems • Interorganizational Framework • From top-down management to horizontal management. • Relationships among organizations can be characterized by whether the organizations are similar or dissimilar, and whether the relationships are competitive or cooperative.

  7. 1.Organizational Ecosystems Framework for Interorganizational Relationships ORGANIZATIONS TYPE Dissimilar Similar Resource Dependence Population Ecology Organizations Relationships Competitive Collaborative Networks Cooperative Institutionalism

  8. 2.Resource Dependence • Minimize the dependence on other organizations for important resources. • Influence the environment to make resources available. • Develop strategies to reduce dependence on the environment, and learn how to use their power differences.

  9. 2.Resource Dependence • Strategies • Supply Chain Relationships • Power Implications

  10. 2.Resource Dependence

  11. 3.Collaborative Networks • Companies join together to become more competitive and to share scarce resources. • Why Collaboration? • A major avenue for entering global markets. • Involved in each other’s product design and production, and invest for the long term.

  12. 4.Population Ecology • Organization Form and Niche • Form is an organization’s specific technology, structure, products, goals and personnel. • Each organization attempts to find a niche. • Process of Ecological Change

  13. 4.Population Ecology • Strategies for Survival • Competitive struggle for resources – struggle for existence • The breadth of the generalist’s domain serves to protect it somewhat from environmental changes • A company that provides a narrow range of goods or services or that serves a narrower market is a specialist

  14. 5.Institutionalism • Institutional Perspective • Manage survival • Balance expectations of environment • Institutional Environment • Norms and values of stakeholders • Adopt structures and processes to please outsiders • Legitimacy • An organization’s actions are desirable, proper and appropriate

  15. 5.Institutionalism • Technical dimension • Work technology and operating requirements which is governed by norms of rationality and efficiency • Institutional structure • Organization most visible to the outside public which is governed by expectations from the external environment

  16. 5.Institutionalism • Emergence of common structure and approachamong like organizations. • Mimetic Forces • The pressure to copy or model other organizations • CoerciveForces • Pressures for organization to adopt structures, techniques or behaviors similar to other organizations. • NormativeForces • Pressure to adopt standards and techniques of professional community.

  17. 6.Design Essentials • Four perspectives have been developed to explain relationships among organizations. • The 2. collaborative-network perspective is an emerging alternative to 1. resource dependence. • The 3. population-ecology perspective explains why organizational diversity continuously increases with the appearance of new organizations filling niches left open by established companies. • The 4. institutional perspective argues that inter organizational relationships are shaped as much by a company’s need for legitimacy as by the need for providing products and services.

  18. 7.Discussion • 四個觀點通用於所有關係？ • 如何選擇結盟對象與結盟企業？

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