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Lesson Overview

Lesson Overview. 33.3 The Respiratory System. Functions of the Respiratory System. picks up oxygen from the air [ inhale ] releases carbon dioxide into the air [ exhale ] respiration = process of gas exchange between body and environment.

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Lesson Overview

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  1. Lesson Overview 33.3 The Respiratory System

  2. Functions of the Respiratory System • picks up oxygen from the air [inhale] • releases carbon dioxide into the air [exhale] • respiration = process of gas exchange between body and environment

  3. Structures of Respiratory System:Nose & Nasal Cavity • To keep lung tissue healthy: • Hairs lining the nasal cavity trapping large particles • Incoming air is warmed in the inner nasal cavity and sinuses • These areas also produce mucus that moistens the air and catches even more dust particles.

  4. Pharynx, Larynx, and Trachea • From the nasal cavity, air moves down into the: • pharynx = (throat) passageway for both air & food • Only air moves from the pharynx into the larynx = (voicebox) contains elastic folds of tissue known as vocal cords • When muscles pull the vocal cords together, the air moving between them causes the cords to vibrate and produce sounds

  5. Pharynx, Larynx, and Trachea • From the larynx, air moves into the trachea= windpipe • When you swallow food or liquid, a flap of tissue called the epiglottis covers the entrance to the larynx, ensuring that the food or liquid goes into the esophagus • Mucus produced in the trachea continues to trap inhaled particles • Cilia lining the trachea sweep both mucus and trapped particles away from the lungs toward the pharynx, where they can be swallowed or spit out

  6. Bronchi and Bronchioles • From the trachea, air moves into two large tubes in the chest cavity called bronchi. Each bronchus leads to one lung. • Within each lung, the large bronchus divides into smaller bronchi, which lead to even smaller passageways called bronchioles.

  7. Alveoli (Lungs) • The bronchioles continue to branch until they end in tiny air sacs called alveoli • Alveoli make up lung tissue • Alveoli are grouped in clusters, like bunches of grapes. A network of capillaries surrounds the alveoli in order for gas exchange to occur

  8. Gas Exchange • When air enters the lungs, oxygen dissolves in the moisture in alveoli and then diffuses across capillary walls into the blood • Oxygen diffuses in this direction because the oxygen concentration is greater in the alveoli than it is in the blood • Carbon dioxide diffuses from blood into the alveoli because its concentration is greater in the blood than it is in the alveoli

  9. Inhalation [breathing in] • When you inhale, the diaphragm muscle contracts and flattens. Muscles between the ribs also contract, raising the rib cage • These actions increase the volume of the chest cavity and create a partial vacuum inside the cavity, which draws air into the lungs

  10. Exhalation [breathing out] • During exhalation, both the rib cage and the diaphragm relax, decreasing the volume of the chest cavity • Air rushes out of the lungs

  11. Exhalation • Exhalation is usually a passive process, but to blow out a candle, speak, sing, or yell, you need more force provided by muscles between the ribs

  12. Smoking and the Respiratory System

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