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Maailmanpolitiikan teoriasuuntaukset

Explore the categorization and self-images of international relations theory, including debates, silences, and the genealogy of the discipline. This text examines the different theoretical orientations in the field, from communitarian vs. cosmopolitan thought to the post-positivist debate and constitutive vs. explanatory theory.

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Maailmanpolitiikan teoriasuuntaukset

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  1. Maailmanpolitiikan teoriasuuntaukset Alan omakuvat, debatit ja hiljaisuudet 4.9.2019

  2. TheSelf-Images of a Discipline: A Genealogy of International RelationsTheory Teoksessa Booth, Ken & Smith, Steve (eds.) (1995) International RelationsTheoryToday, sivut 1-37. • How is IR theorydescribed and categorized? • Whataretheself-images of thediscipline and whatdotheytell us? Thesilences of a disciplineareitsloudest voices…

  3. 1/10 International TheoryversusPoliticalTheory • No body of internationaltheory to rivaltheachievements of politicaltheory? Talking IR theoryrequiresusingthelanguage of domesticpoliticaltheory… (vrt. Martin Wight, 1966) • Falsedichotomy, sameconcerns and imperatives, part of thesametheoreticalexercise

  4. 2/10 Communitarian vs. CosmopolitanThought • Influentialin thedevelopment of ”normativetheory”: • Communitariantheories: communitiesarethebearers of rightsand duties in internationalsociety • Cosmopolitantheories: moralargumentsshouldbebasednot on communitiesbut on humanity as whole / on individuals ”Non-normative” theory? Vastmajority of IR theoryhasproceeded as ifthecategorizationdidnotexist, risk of furthermarginalization of normativetheory…

  5. 3/10 The Three Rs (Martin Wight, 1991) • Realists à la Machiavelli internationalpolitics as anarchical, a potentialwar of allagainstall • Rationalists à la Grotius mixed domain of conflict and cooperation, society of states • Revolutionists à la Kant internationalsociety of stateshas to betranscended, humanity Placingindividualthinkers? Each tradition hasowncriteria of truthclaims… Whichdialogue?

  6. 4/10 The Three WavesorThe ”Great Debates” • ”Idealists” dominated in the 1920’s and 30’s • ”Realists” in thelate 1930’s and 40’s • ”Socialscientific” theories in thelate 1950’s and 1960’s • Idealismversusrealism • Realismversusbehavioralism • Third debate: state-centrism vs. transnationalists, positivism vs. post-positivism Class, gender, ethnicity, developingcountries – where? Debate, progress?

  7. 5/10 The Inter-ParadigmDebate • Realism / neorealism (structuralrealism) • Liberalism / globalism / pluralism • Neo-Marxism / structuralism • War and peace; management of internationalregimes;globalpoverty and developmentissues – differentresearchagendas, differentworldviewsordifferentworlds? • A lotleft out, categoriesnotdistinct, appearingtolerant and open…

  8. 6/10 State-CentrismversusTransnationalism • Third debate? (Maghroori and Ramsberg, 1982) • Sincethe 1970’s: other-than-stateactors • Realismversusglobalism • Importance of states and structuralexplanationsdownplayed…

  9. 7/10 Neo-realism and Neo-liberalism • Neo-realists à la Waltz and Gilpin: - security, relativegains, capabilities • Neoliberalists à la Keohane&Nyeand Krasner - institutions, absolutegains, intentions Sharedepistemology, focus on similarquestions, agree on a lot… mainstream, status quo, rationalist, problem-solvingtheories… Concerns of thevastmajority of humanity?

  10. 8/10 The Post-PositivistDebate • Critical theory (à la Cox:knowledge of theworldneeds to beunderstoodwithinthecontext of interests) • Historicalsociology (Mann, Tilly, Skocpol -> Linklater) • Feminism (Enloe, Elshtain, Sylvester) • Postmodernism (Foucault, Derrida, Nietzsche, Heidegger, Virilio -> Walker, DerDerian, Campbell) Allfarfromassumptions of positivism and realism;somefoundational, others anti-foundationalist…

  11. 9/10 ConstitutiveversusExplanatoryTheory • Theoryexplainsreality(realism, pluralism, neo-Marxism) • Theoryconstitutesreality(constructivism, postmodernism) • Explaining vs. understanding (explanationsvs. meanings/interpretations) One canencompassboth, falsedichotomy to beginwith?

  12. 10/10 Foundationalist and Anti-Foundationalist International Theory Debatewithinconstitutivetheory • Minimalfoundationalism / criticalinterpretativetheory: grounds for judgingbetweenrivaltruthclaims • Radical anti-foundationalism / radicalinterpretativism: incredulitytowardsallmetanarratives (à la Lyotard), no foundations outside anyindividualtheorywhichcanserve as a neutralarbiterbetweencompetingaccounts, no commonstandards

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