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Chemistry for Zoology

Chemistry for Zoology. BIO 2215 Oklahoma City Community College Dennis Anderson. Organic Compounds. Large molecules containing Carbon. Carbohydrates. Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen 1 Carbon: 2 Hydrogens: 1 Oxygen C 6 H 12 O 6 = Glucose Energy source for cells of the body.

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Chemistry for Zoology

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  1. Chemistry for Zoology BIO 2215 Oklahoma City Community College Dennis Anderson

  2. Organic Compounds Large molecules containing Carbon

  3. Carbohydrates • Carbon • Hydrogen • Oxygen • 1 Carbon: 2 Hydrogens: 1 Oxygen • C6H12O6 = Glucose • Energy source for cells of the body

  4. Monosaccharides = Single Sugars Glucose Fructose Galactose Building Blocks of Carbohydrates

  5. Fructose Glucose Galactose Glucose Sugar Metabolism

  6. OH OH OH H OH H H C C C C C C O H H H OH H Energy stored in covalent bonds Glucose

  7. Glucose Forms a Ring Monosaccharide

  8. Monosaccharide Disaccharide = 2 Sugars • Sucrose • Glucose + Fructose • Lactose • Glucose + Galactose • Maltose • Glucose + Glucose

  9. Monosaccharide Polysaccharide = Many Sugars Starch Glycogen

  10. Starchy Food Glucose Glucose Glycogen Blood Liver Carbohydrate Metabolism

  11. Lipids • Carbon • Hydrogen • Oxygen • Not in a 1:2:1 ratio as carbohydrates

  12. Lipid Types • Fats and Oils (Neutral Fats) • Store Energy • Phospholipids • Make Up Cell Membrane • Steroids • Regulate Body Processes

  13. TriglycerideMakes Up Fats and Oils • One Glycerol • Three Fatty Acids

  14. Triglyceride G Fatty Acid l y c Fatty Acid e r o Fatty Acid l

  15. H H OH C H OH C H OH C H Glycerol

  16. C C C C C C H H H H H H H H H H H Fatty Acid O HO

  17. O O H H O C C C C C C C C C C C C C H H H O C H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H O C H

  18. G Fatty Acid Fatty Acid l y Phosphate c e r o l Phospholipid

  19. Steroid Backbone of Some Lipids

  20. Important Steroids • Cholesterol • Vitamin D • Estrogen • Testosterone

  21. Protein • Carbon • Hydrogen • Oxygen • Nitrogen

  22. O H H OH H C C C H Amino Acids Building Blocks of Proteins Twenty Kinds of Amino Acids NH2

  23. AA AA AA AA AA AA Peptide Bond Protein Molecule Chain of Amino Acids

  24. Protein Properties • Millions of different proteins are possible from the various combinations of 20 amino acids • Sequence of amino acids determines protein shape and function • Analogy • UNITED-----UNTIED • PHEASANT----- PEASANT • Sickle cell anemia • ONE amino acid in hemoglobin different

  25. Nucleic Acids • Carbon • Hydrogen • Oxygen • Nitrogen • Phosphorous

  26. Nucleic Acid Types • DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) • Stores genetic information for making all body parts • Copies itself every time a cell divides • RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) • Performs one set of instructions from DNA

  27. Sugar Base Phosphate Nucleotides Building Blocks of Nucleic Acids

  28. Sugar Sugar Phosphate Phosphate Sugar Sugar Base Base Base Base Phosphate Phosphate Nucleic Acid Molecule

  29. ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) Stores and releases small packets of energy

  30. Structure of ATP Adenine Phosphates Ribose

  31. Energy

  32. Origin of Organic Molecules • Lightning Hypothesis • Stanley Miller 1953 • Amino acids produced • Fatty acids produced

  33. Origin of Organic Molecules • Panspermia Hypothesis • Comet or meteorite from outer space seeded earth with organic compounds • Meteorite in 1969 had amino acids & other organic compounds

  34. Origin of Organic Molecules • Hydrothermal vent hypothesis • Super heated water released from vents deep in the ocean • Energy from these vents support unique ecosystems

  35. Self Replication • Ribozymes • RNA that can function as an enzyme

  36. The End

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