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Knowledge Claims, Evidence & Evidential Arguments

Knowledge Claims, Evidence & Evidential Arguments. Knowledge Claim. a declaration of conviction says I know that or I believe that…. Knowledge Claim. supported by evidence whose nature depends on the training and the experiment of the claimer

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Knowledge Claims, Evidence & Evidential Arguments

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  1. Knowledge Claims, Evidence & Evidential Arguments

  2. Knowledge Claim • a declaration of conviction • says • I know that or • I believe that…

  3. Knowledge Claim • supported by evidence whose nature depends on the training and the experiment of the claimer • evidence can be a first hand observation, deference to authority or a plausible explanation

  4. Knowledge Claim • deference to authority can range from naïve acceptance of the authority to a more careful consideration of evidence

  5. Knowledge Claim • e.g. I believe the Leafs will win the Cup this year.

  6. Evidence • data that supports the claim being made • authoritative person is making claim. Claim is dependent on their credentials

  7. Evidence • e.g. I have been following the Leafs for over 30 years. I know what I am talking about.

  8. Evidential Argument • an argument based on the evidence that is relevant to the listener. • Sometimes the evidence is given in the form of a critical experiment that is overwhelmingly convincing.

  9. Evidential Argument • e.g. you all know me and believe that I know what I am talking about.

  10. What is wrong with my knowledge claim?

  11. E.G. A friend says, “ I think Dr. Pop is the best soft drink.” To convince you she says, • “Celine Dion recommends this product”. • 3 out of 4 people tested like it • a nutritional analysis shows that it has less caffeine and sugar than other drinks.

  12. Which one of these arguments would convince you?WHY? • “Celine Dion recommends this product”. • 3 out of 4 people tested like it • a nutritional analysis shows that is has less caffeine and sugar than other drinks.

  13. Evaluating Knowledge Claims • Is the evidence plausible? • Does it relate to my personal experience? • Could I do the experiment myself? • Can I model the experiment? • Will I achieve the same result?

  14. E.g. The atom has a positive nucleus surrounded by negative electrons • Earlier claims said that the atom was a mass of positive and negative regions, “plum pudding model” • Rutherford performed the gold foil experiment • This showed that most of the atom was empty space

  15. E.g. The atom has a positive nucleus surrounded by negative electrons • This led to wide spread acceptance of this new model • Experiment was repeated several times with the same results • Was considered a critical experiment

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