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Understanding Pressure in Fluid Systems: States of Matter, Density, and Pascal’s Principle

Explore the principles of pressure in fluid systems, including different states of matter, density calculations, Archimedes' principle, Pascal's principle, and the concepts of atmospheric and absolute pressure. Learn how pressures are balanced to achieve equilibrium in fluid systems.

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Understanding Pressure in Fluid Systems: States of Matter, Density, and Pascal’s Principle

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  1. Pressure In Fluid Systems

  2. I. States of Matter A. Solid B. Liquid C. Gas D. Plasma– super-heated gas with free ions

  3. Fluids • A. material that can flow • B. Hydraulic system—liquid • C. Pneumatic system—gas

  4. III. Density and Pressure A. ρ= m/V (Density = mass ÷ volume) B. P = F/A (Pressure = force ÷ area) C. Pressure increases with depth D. P = ρwh (Pressure = weight density x fluid depth

  5. IV. Archimedes’ Principle A. Buoyancy B. Formula—Fbuoyant = ρw x V = weight of water displaced C. Definition—an object immersed in a fluid has an upward force exerted on it equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object. 1. If the object has a greater density than the fluid, it will sink. 2. If the object has a lower density than the fluid, it will float.

  6. V. Pascal’s Principle A. Definition—A change in pressure at any point in a confined fluid is transmitted undiminished throughout the fluid. B. F1/A1 = F2/A2 or P1 = P2

  7. VI. Atmospheric Pressure A. Barometer B. One atmosphere = 760 mm Hg

  8. VII. Absolute Pressure— pressure from zero

  9. VIII. Gage Pressure— pressure from one atmosphere

  10. IX. Pressure—prime mover

  11. X. Equilibrium in Fluid Systems Pressures are balanced = no movement

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