GE Transportation– Energy Storage

1. GE Transportation– Energy Storage Collin Russo David Tawadras Brian Johnson Engineering Design 100

2. Mission Statement “To Design a telecom cell phone base station system that uses sustainable energy sources to provide cell services to citizens in parts of Kenya who otherwise would not have access to this technology.”

3. 1.1 Executive Summary Abstract Design a telecom cell phone base station system that uses sustainable energy sources, a diesel generator system, and sodium metal halide battery to the base station. The system should optimize available power in areas with either no energy grid or an unreliable energy grid, and also illustrate environmental benefits of replacing the typical current solutions. The design should be feasible to implement with minimal resources and reusable across developing regions.

4. 1.2 Executive Summary Company Background GE is a diversified infrastructure, finance, and media company taking on the world's toughest challenges. From aircraft engines and power generation to financial services, medical imaging, and television programming, GE operates in more than 100 countries and employs about 300,000 people worldwide. GE has a strong set of global businesses in infrastructure, finance, and media aligned to meet today's needs, including the demand for global infrastructure; growing and changing demographics that need access to healthcare, finance, and information and entertainment; and environmental technologies. In 2009, GE delivered solid results despite the tough economic climate with earnings of $11.2 billion. Industrial cash flow from operating activities for the year remained strong at over $16.6 billion. GE traces its beginnings to Thomas A. Edison, who established Edison Electric Light Company in 1878. In 1892, a merger of Edison General Electric Company and Thomson- Houston Electric Company created General Electric Company. GE is the only company listed in the Dow Jones Industrial Index today that was also included in the original index in 1896.ts of replacing the typical current solutions. The design should be feasible to implement with minimal resources and reusable across developing regions.

5. Kenya Background Information 3.3 External Search • Kenya is the 47th largest country in the world • It has a tropical climate. It is hot and humid at the coast, and very dry inland (our location). • It receives a great deal of sunshine year round, and stays hot • The capital, Nairobi, is located near the center of the country with a population of about 3.2 million.

6. Hierarchy of Importance 2.1 Customer Needs Assessment

7. Weights of Criteria 2.2 Customer Needs Assessment

8. Product (System) Specs 2.3 Customer Needs Assessment

9. Customer Needs Matrix 2.4 Customer Needs Assessment

10. Mechanical Patent Research 3.1.1 External Search

11. Software and Electrical Patent Research 3.1.2 External Search

12. Cell Towers Benchmarking 3.2 External Search

13. Black Box Model 4.1 Concept Generation Solar Energy Energy Mechanical Energy Wind Energy Electrical Energy Apply Electrical Energy to Antenna Cell Phone Service/Signal Cell Tower Antenna Hut Timed Cycle Power System Switch Trigger Switch Power Grid or Battery

14. Concept Classification Tree Guyed Tower 4.2 Concept Generation Lattice Monopole Stealth Solar Power Wind Bio/Solar Hut Hydro Geothermal Solar/Wind/Bio Antenna 3-panel 9-panel 18-panel 1 round panel

15. Preliminary Concepts 4.3 Concept Generation Tower: 1) 3-sided tower with a triangular base (Lattice) 2) Single tube (Monopole) 3) Straight tower with supporting guide wires (Guyed) 4) Tower disguised as the natural surroundings or artwork (Stealth) Power Source: 1) Solar 2) Wind 3) Bio-fuel/solar combination 4) Hydroelectric 5) Geothermal 6) Solar/wind/bio-fuel combination Antenna: 1) Triangular arrangement with three panels 2) Triangular arrangement with nine panels 3) Triangular arrangement with eighteen panels 4) Round arrangement of on large panel

16. Concept Combination Table 4.4 Concept Generation -Straight tower with supporting guide wires (Guyed) -Solar and Wind Combination -9 panel antenna

17. Examination of Materials/ Manufacturing Processes 4.5 Concept Generation

18. Maintenance Requirements 4.5 Concept Generation

19. Criteria of Company 5.1 Concept Selection The GE Product Statement Requires the Following of our Tower:

20. Tower Design 5.2.1 Concept Selection

21. Power Source Design 5.2.2 Concept Selection

22. Antenna Design 5.2.3 Concept Selection

23. Our Design

24. Clear Wind Turbine made out of a magnifying material Fixed round solar panel below the wind turbine

25. 9 panel antenna design atop a 80 foot guyed tower.

26. Hut contains generators, rechargeable battery, connections to AC grid

27. Hut Design

28. Embodiment of the Design 6.1 Final Design Analysis • Our cell tower requires a constant load of 1200W. Whether it comes from the alternative energy source, battery, or emergency generator it needs at least 1200W of power. • Pt≥1200W • We have a wind/solar device for our power source. They work in combination, so power from wind+ power from the sun= total power. • Pw+Ps=Pt

29. Embodiment of the Design 6.2 Final Design Analysis The equation for wind energy in terms of area is: Pw= (.5)*(swept area)*(air density)*(wind velocity)^3 Our arrangement for the wind part of our device is a half circle so: Swept area= (πr^2)/2 In the city of Mombasa, KE (the city that our tower is going on the outskirts of) the average wind velocity is around 9.94m/s. The elevation of Mombasa is around sea level so the approximate air density is 1.23kg/m^3. Air density=1.23 wind velocity=9.94 Therefore, Pw=(.5)*(( πr^2)/2)*(1.23)*(9.94)^3 Pw=948.755r^2watts

30. Feasibility Analysis 6.3 Final Design Analysis The average area for a 100W solar panel is 0.6553m^2. Therefore, a circular 100W solar panel has a radius of r=0.4568m. By plugging this r into the above wind energy equation we get that for every 100W of solar one can get 198W of wind. Now by using a simple proportion we can get the minimum quantity for r that will supply 1200W of power. .6553m^2/298W=A/1200W A=2.638m^2 A=πr^2 r=.9167m

31. Conclusion 6.4 Final Design Analysis Wind energy can be working all the time, but solar can only run while the sun is out (about 5 hours per day) If the whole component was run by wind we get that the r would have to equal at least 1.125m based on the above equation with the average wind velocity. Therefore, we as a group feel that our design should be efficient at 1m, since at 1m it would store up enough extra energy to make it through the night. By combining wind and solar, we limit the need for using the emergency backup generator and limit the dependence on fossil fuels with our new green technology. Our design is mostly initial cost. It does not require expensive fuel and the maintenance cost should be low too. We do however recommend a cleaning once every couple years of as need incase bats run into the blades or if something builds up on the solar panel, because this would interfere with its maximum output.

32. References • www.google.com/patents • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenya • http://www.steelintheair.com/Cell-Phone-Tower.html • GE Project Statement (.pdf) • SolidWorks 2010