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Unit 5: Oceanography

Unit 5: Oceanography. 70% of the world is covered by water Types of research Core Samples Mini Submarines Satellites. General Information. Density Cold water is more dense than warm Ice is less dense than liquid water BP= 100 C FP = 0 C Polarity

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Unit 5: Oceanography

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  1. Unit 5: Oceanography

  2. 70% of the world is covered by water Types of research Core Samples Mini Submarines Satellites General Information

  3. Density Cold water is more dense than warm Ice is less dense than liquid water BP= 100 C FP = 0 C Polarity Water molecules have a (+ and — ) charge Water molecules attract substances with ionic bonds Water with dissolved ions is called a solution Properties of Water

  4. Dissolved Ions Chlorine and Sodium Salinity refers to the amount of dissolved salt Salinity increases the density of water Salinity varies slightly from place to place Evaporation increases salinity Freshwater decreases salinity Properties of Ocean Water

  5. Surface Water is mixed by wind Temperature is relatively uniform Middle Zone Thermocline: a rapid drop in temperature Deep Water Cold near freezing Temperature Profile

  6. Phytoplankton : single celled plants Zooplankton: single celled animals Ocean Life

  7. Ocean Floor : Methods of Study Sonar: Bounce sound waves off bottom Core Sample: study of ocean floor Satellites: detect changes in the surface of ocean water Ocean Floor

  8. Continental Margin Continental Shelf: extension of continent Continental Slope: where shelf drops into ocean basin Continental Rise: sediment buildup at the bottom of the basin Submarine Canyon: eroded into slope by turbidity currents Ocean Floor

  9. Active and Passive Margin

  10. Submarine Canyon

  11. Ocean Basin Abyssal Plain ; flattest area of ocean floor Deep sea trench: formed at subduction boundary Seamounts and Guyots: mountains that rise from the ocean floor Mid-Ocean Ridge- center of seafloor spreading Ocean Floor

  12. Transform faults

  13. Formation of an Atoll

  14. Terrigenous: (nonliving) sand, mud and clay Biogenious: (living) made up of microscopic shells Hydrogenous: formed by a chemical reaction causing sediment to precipitate out of water Ocean Floor sediments

  15. The Movement of Ocean Water Ocean current: any continuous flow of ocean water Winds drive Surface Currents Clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere Counterclockwise in the Southern Hemisphere Warm Currents originate at the equator Cold currents originate at the poles Countercurrents flow in opposite direction from windblown currents The Movement of Ocean Water

  16. Currents Under The surface Density Currents Move slowly Caused by: temperature, sediments(turbidity) and evaporation Cold waters from the poles create density currents Evaporation in the Mediterranean creates density currents Upwelling: caused by winds parallel to shore The Movement of Ocean Water

  17. Created by the pull of gravity from the moon and sun Spring tide: highest tide Neap tide: lowest tide Tides

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