The New Deal

1. CHAPTER The New Deal 23 Overview Time Lines 1 A New Deal Fights the Depression SECTION 2 The Second New Deal Takes Hold SECTION 3 The New Deal Affects Many Groups SECTION 4 Society and Culture SECTION 5 The Impact of the New Deal SECTION Chapter Assessment Transparencies

2. THEMES IN CHAPTER 23 Economic Opportunity Cultural Diversity Science and Technology CHAPTER The New Deal 23 HOME “The only thing we have to fear is fear itself.” President Franklin Delano Roosevelt

3. What do you know? • What do you already know about the New Deal? • What policies were created under the New Deal and who was affected? • Read the quote above and answer the following: • What did Roosevelt mean? What can happen when people are afraid? • What else might people have feared in the 1930s? • What effect do you think Roosevelt hoped this statement would have on the American people? CHAPTER The New Deal 23 HOME “The only thing we have to fear is fear itself.” President Franklin Delano Roosevelt

4. 1934Congress creates the SEC. 1933Congress creates the TVA. 1935Supreme Court declares the NIRA unconstitutional. The CIO is organized. Congress passes the Social Security Act. 1937Labor unions begin using sit-down labor strikes.Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs is released. 1938Fair Labor Standards Act passes. 1939Marian Anderson sings at the Lincoln Memorial. John Steinbeck publishes The Grapes of Wrath. CHAPTER Time Line 23 HOME The United States

5. 1933Hitler and the Nazi Party take power in Germany. Japan withdraws from the League of Nations. Batista overthrows the Cuban government. 1934Chinese Communists engage in the Long March. Lázaro Cárdenas becomes the president of Mexico. 1935Italy invades Ethiopia. British Parliament passes Government of India Act. 1937Japan invades China. 1939Germany invades Poland. 1936Civil War begins in Spain. Soviet leader Joseph Stalin purges Communist Party and government leaders. CHAPTER Time Line 23 HOME The World

6. Learn About the early actions taken by the Roosevelt administration. To Understand how the New Deal tried to combat the Depression. SECTION 1 A New Deal Fights the Depression HOME

7. SECTION 1 A New Deal Fights the Depression HOME Key Idea President Roosevelt takes many actions to combat the Depression.

8. PROBLEM SOLUTION lack of confidence in banks little confidence in stock market low farm prices massive unemployment poverty in Tennessee River Valley mortgage foreclosures SECTION 1 A New Deal Fights the Depression HOME 1 Section Assessment SUMMARIZING What were some of the problems President Roosevelt confronted as president? How did he try to solve them? bank holiday, Treasury inspection of banks, deposit insurance regulation of stock market paying farmers not to raise crops federal jobs programs build dams government loans to homeowners

9. INTERPRETING Of the New Deal programs discussed in this section, which do you consider the most important? THINK ABOUT • the type of assistance offered by each program • the scope of each program • the impact of each program SECTION 1 A New Deal Fights the Depression HOME 1 Section Assessment

10. ANALYZING Do you think Roosevelt’s most vocal critics had reasonable objections? THINK ABOUT • the American Liberty League’s beliefs regarding violation of rights • Father Coughlin’s calls for nationalization • Huey Long’s slogan “Every Man a King” SECTION 1 A New Deal Fights the Depression HOME 1 Section Assessment

11. Learn About the second phase of New Deal policies. To Understand how the Roosevelt administration tried to extend its relief, recovery, and reforms programs. SECTION 2 The Second New Deal Takes Hold HOME

12. SECTION 2 The Second New Deal Takes Hold HOME Key Idea The Second New Deal institutes new programs to extend federal aid and stimulate the nation’s economy.

13. Farmers:second Agricultural Adjustment Act,Farm Security Act,Rural Electrification Administration Unemployed: Works Progress Administration,National Youth Administration,Social Security Act Retirees:Social Security Act Youth: National Youth Administration,Works Progress Administration Labor: Wagner Act, Fair Labor Standards Act SECTION 2 The Second New Deal Takes Hold HOME 2 Section Assessment SUMMARIZING How were groups such as farmers, the unemployed, youth, and retirees helped by the Second New Deal programs? The Second New Deal

14. ANALYZING Do you think the Second New Deal would have succeeded without the WPA? Why or why not? THINK ABOUT • the millions of people the WPA employed • criticism of the WPA as a “make-work” program • the many New Deal reform and recovery programs SECTION 2 The Second New Deal Takes Hold HOME 2 Section Assessment

15. EVALUATING Why might the Social Security Act be considered the most important achievement of the New Deal? THINK ABOUT • the types of relief needed in the 1930s • alternatives to government assistance to the elderly, the unemployed, and the disabled • the scope of the act SECTION 2 The Second New Deal Takes Hold HOME 2 Section Assessment

16. Learn About how New Deal policies affected various social and ethnic groups. To Understand how the Democratic Party forged a new political coalition. SECTION 3 The New Deal Affects Many Groups HOME

17. SECTION 3 The New Deal Affects Many Groups HOME Key Idea New Deal policies and actions affect Americans from all walks of life. The Democratic Party forms a new political coalition.

18. URBAN VOTERS UNIONIZED WORKERS NATIVE AMERICANS Passage of theIndian ReorganizationAct of 1934 Appeal of work-relief programs Passage of the Wagner Act EFFECTS OF THE NEW DEAL Appointment to key government positions Help from the CCCand the WPA Role of Mary McLeod Bethune and the“Black Cabinet” Welcoming of women’s input on issues WOMEN AFRICAN AMERICANS MEXICAN AMERICANS SECTION 3 The New Deal Affects Many Groups HOME 3 Section Assessment SUMMARIZING What were the effects of New Deal policies on American women, African Americans, Mexican Americans, Native Americans, unionized workers, and urban Americans?

19. GENERALIZING Do you think women made significant progress toward equality during the 1930s? THINK ABOUT • the role of women in government • hiring practices in federal programs • women’s opportunities in business and industry SECTION 3 The New Deal Affects Many Groups HOME 33 Section Assessment

20. FORMING OPINIONS In your opinion, did organized labor become too powerful in the 1930s? THINK ABOUT • why workers joined unions • how unions organized workers • the roles of unions in politics SECTION 3 The New Deal Affects Many Groups HOME 33 Section Assessment

21. Learn About arts, entertainment, and literature during the 1930s. To Understand how the Depression and New Deal influenced American culture. SECTION 4 Society and Culture HOME

22. SECTION 4 Society and Culture HOME Key Idea Motion pictures, radio, art, and literature all blossom during the Depression and the New Deal.

23. Movie Stars Radio Stars Painters Writers SECTION 4 Society and Culture HOME 4 Section Assessment SUMMARIZING Who were the important movie stars, radio stars, painters, and writers from the 1930s? Greta Garbo Clark Gable Marlene Dietrich James Cagney Vivien Leigh Fred Astaire Ginger Rogers Edward G. Robinson George Burns Gracie Allen Bob Hope Jack Benny Edward Hopper Thomas Hart Benton Grant Wood Richard Wright Zora Neale Hurston James T. Farrell John Steinbeck John Dos Passos Thornton Wilder

24. HYPOTHESIZING What type of movies do you think might have been produced if the government had supported moviemaking as part of the New Deal? THINK ABOUT • the role entertainment played in the 1930s • the variety of movies made during the New Deal years • the subject matter of New Deal literature and art SECTION 4 Society and Culture HOME 4 Section Assessment

25. ANALYZING CAUSES In your opinion, what were the main benefits of government support for art and literature in the 1930s? THINK ABOUT • the experiences of Americans in the Depression and the New Deal years • the writers who got their start through the FWP • the subject matter of WPA murals and other New Deal art SECTION 4 Society and Culture HOME 4 Section Assessment

26. Learn About the effects of New Deal reforms. To Understand the short-term and long-term impact of the New Deal on American society. SECTION 5 The Impact of the New Deal HOME

27. SECTION 5 The Impact of the New Deal HOME Key Idea The New Deal affects American society not only in the 1930s but also in the decades that follow.

28. The National Labor Relations Board still mediates labor disputes. The New Deal protected wilderness areas. Social Security still providesassistance to senior citizens, people with disabilities, families, and the unemployed. Federal Deposit InsuranceCorporation insures accountsup to $100,000. Securities and Exchange Commission continuesto monitor the stock market. SECTION 5 The Impact of the New Deal HOME 5 Section Assessment SUMMARIZING What were some of the long-term benefits of the New Deal? New Deal’s long-term benefits

29. FORMING AN OPINION Some critics have charged that the New Deal was anti-business and anti—free enterprise. Explain why you agree or disagree with this charge. THINK ABOUT • the expanded power of the federal government • the New Deal’s effect on the economy • the New Deal’s effect on the American people SECTION 5 The Impact of the New Deal HOME 5 Section Assessment

30. EVALUATING How successful do you think Franklin Roosevelt was as a president? THINK ABOUT • the condition of the country when he took office • the short- and long-term impact of his policies • his popularity with working-class Americans SECTION 5 The Impact of the New Deal HOME 5 Section Assessment

31. 23 Chapter Assessment HOME 1. How did Franklin Roosevelt change the role of the federal government during his first Hundred Days in office? 2. Summarize the reasons why some people opposed the New Deal. 3. What federal agencies and acts assisted farmers during Roosevelt’s second term? 4. How did the Wagner Act help working people? 5. Explain President Roosevelt’s policies on civil rights.

32. 23 Chapter Assessment HOME 6. Why did many urban voters support Roosevelt and the Democratic Party? 7. What purpose did movies and radio programs serve during the Great Depression? 8. Which New Deal programs supported artists and writers during the 1930s? 9. List five New Deal agencies or programs that are still in place today. 10. What benefits did the Tennessee Valley Authority provide? What negative impact did it have?