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Autosegmental Phonology

Background. Contour languageTone language level tone language. . contour language. Contrasts mainly dependent on pitch movement on each syllablee.g. Cantonese[si?] city' (low-mid to mid, rising)

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Autosegmental Phonology

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    1. Autosegmental Phonology By ? ?

    2. Background Contour language Tone language level tone language

    3. contour language Contrasts mainly dependent on pitch movement on each syllable e.g. Cantonese [si?] ‘city’ (low-mid to mid, rising) [si?] ‘history’ (low-mid to high, rising) [si?] ‘matter’ (low-mid, level) [si?] ‘silk’ (high, level) [si?] ‘time’ (low-mid to low, falling) [si?] ‘to try’ (mid, level)

    4. level tone languages tonal contrasts are predominantly dependent on the pitch height of each syllable e.g. Igbo [akwa] ‘bed’ LL [aÄa] ‘war’ HH [aSa] ‘weaver bird’ HL [uba] ‘wealth’ LH

    5. Tone may mark grammatical categories timeless [?"ma] ‘I show’ continuous [?"ma] ‘I am showing’ past [?"ma] ‘I showed’

    6. The Absolute Slicing Hypothesis traditional SPE-style phonology regarded tone as a feature belonging to the vowel, but there is evidence that tones have some autonomy from the vowels on which they are realized:

    7. Contour tones behave as if a combination of simple tones, e.g. in tonal polarity, where some marker always has the opposite tone to that of the base, as in Margi:

    8. tonal melodies – Leben (1973) – data from Mende show only 5 basic patterns at the word level. H kŤ ‘war’ p?l? ‘house’ hawama ‘waist’ L kpa‘debt’ b?l? ‘pants’ kpakal? ‘chair’ HL mbu‘owl’ ngIla‘dog’ felama?‘junction’ LH mba‘rice’ fande‘cotton’ ndavula ‘sling’ LHL mba‘companion’ nyaha‘woman’ nIkIlI ?? ‘peanut’

    9. Autosegmental phonology (Goldsmith 1976) Definition 1 A new type of phonological representation was proposed, made up of several simultaneous sequences of segments linked by association lines. ------M.St./M.Phil. Phonology course

    10. Definition 2 Autosegmental phonology is a non-linear approach to phonology that allows phonological processes, such as tone and vowel harmony, to be independent of and extend beyond individual consonants and vowels. ----Goldsmith, John A. 1975. "Tone melodies and the autosegment."

    11. one-to-one association e.g. Mende ng"la? ‘dog’ fande? ‘cotton’ H L L H

    12. many-to-one association mba? ‘rice’ mba? ‘companion’ L H L H L

    13. multiple linking kpakal" ?‘chair’ ndavula? ‘sling’ L H L

    14. Goldsmith’s Universal Association Convention (UAC) Match the tones and tone-bearing units (TBUs) one to one, left to right. Associate left-over TBUs with the last tone and left-over tones with the last TBU. No Crossing Constraint: association lines do not cross.

    15. Extensions of autosegmental phonology Nasality may be a property of whole words in Desano, e.g. [w?a"] ‘name’ [wa"] ‘fish’ w a " ? w a " ? [+nasal] [-nasal] ?

    16. Autosegmental&CV phonology Eg. Penny C V C V p ? n i

    17. Thank you!

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