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17.3 The North Wins. The Road to Gettysburg. Lincoln had to fire McClellan, Burnside, and Hooker for incompetence . Repeatedly , Lee would have fewer troops, but still win battles. The South lost Stonewall Jackson to friendly fire. The Battle of Gettysburg.
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The Road to Gettysburg • Lincoln had to fire McClellan, Burnside, and Hooker for incompetence. • Repeatedly, Lee would have fewer troops, but still win battles. • The South lost Stonewall Jackson to friendly fire.
The Battle of Gettysburg • In June, 1863, Lee crossed into Pennsylvania where some of his men tried to raid a supply of shoes in a warehouse in Gettysburg. • They ran into Union troops, both sides called for reinforcements and that is how the battle started. • The battle went on for three days. • Reached a turning point when Lee ordered General Pickett to attack the middle of the Union line (unsuccessful).
This was known as Pickett’s Charge, and it failed miserably, but the Northern generals still failed to pursue and attack. • The South lost this battle and it crushed Lee’s hopes of getting a victory in the North.
The Siege of Vicksburg • On July 4, 1863, Grant defeated Pemberton at Vicksburg. • He had to keep the town under siege for 6 solid weeks to achieve this victory, but it gave the North control of the Mississippi River.
Sherman’s Total War • Because of Grant’s successes in the west, and because his generals had been spineless, Lincoln appointed Grant in charge of the Union armies. • Grant’s plan was to pursue Lee’s army in Virginia while Sherman pushed into Atlanta, and from there across the South to Savannah (near Charleston).
Politics as usual…. • This was called Sherman’s March to the Sea. • He destroyed everything is his path 50 miles wide and 285 miles long. • Sherman’s victory in Atlanta in Sept., 1864 came at a timely point for Lincoln. • Lincoln was up for re-election and the victory helped him win.
Grant’s Virginia Campaign • After taking Savannah, Sherman was supposed to move North through the Carolinas to meet up with Grant who was chasing Lee around Virginia. • The battles between Grant and Lee included: Battle of the Wilderness, Spotsylvania, Cold Harbor, and Petersburg.
Surrender at Appomattox • Lee knew that his situation was hopeless because unlike other generals, Grant was relentless, and Sherman was nearby. • Finally, on April 9, 1865, Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia • Grant offered generous surrender terms: Lee’s men had to give up their weapons, but then were allowed to go home.