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Titian’s School of Athens

Titian’s School of Athens. ARISTOTLE. THE SCIENTIST. The scientific observer. A categorizer, and organizer. Some men are born to lead and some to follow. Hence, slavery OK, because it is ‘ natural’, inequality of genders as well. What is natural is both real and right.

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Titian’s School of Athens

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  1. Titian’s School of Athens

  2. ARISTOTLE THE SCIENTIST

  3. The scientific observer • A categorizer, and organizer. • Some men are born to lead and some to follow. • Hence, slavery OK, because it is ‘ natural’, inequality of genders as well. What is natural is both real and right

  4. JUSTICE : Definition 1 • Justice is treating equals equally • And treating unequals unequally

  5. The logician • Father of syllogism • All men are mortal. • Socrates is mortal. • Socrates is a man.

  6. The four causes • Material out of what • Efficient by what • Formal into what • Final for the purpose of what • the end (telos, hence teleology)

  7. What is the end (goal) of man? • The Nicomachean Ethics. • An attempt to show how we should behave • “should” indicates in keeping with our proper, just (final) cause. • A lot about friendship: 3 types for our good shared interest, and ‘true’ friendship

  8. What is a “good” man? • Good for what?

  9. What are the “goods”? • Some goods are self evident. • Health, knowledge, skills, liberty • Society • to allow the others to be achieved

  10. Doctrine of the Mean • Virtues are the midpoint, the “goldilocks’ just right balance between extremes. • Ex: Deficiency =cowardice Excess = foolhardiness Virtue = courage Miserliness, extravagance, generosity

  11. Modern example • Deficiency not caring about a test • Excess obsessing about a test pulling an all-nighter panic attack • Virtue preparedness

  12. NB Plato’s definition of justice, harmony balance, proper ordering

  13. So, • Virtues, practiced, habitual • Eudaimonia: activity of the soul in accord with virtue • What is the highest pleasure? • Happiness and pleasure

  14. The end of man. • To realize our potential, • The highest activity we are capable of, that which is most like the gods? • Not the mentality of a child, pleasurable as it is. • Not just pleasure

  15. Active or passive? • Contemplative or by good deeds

  16. Abraham MaslowAmerican 1908-1970 • Hierarchy of needs, • None higher can be reached until the lower ones are satisfied. • Physical needs • Safety needs • Belonging needs • Esteem needs

  17. Self actualization • Which means?

  18. What are the “goods”? • Real (needs) and apparent (wants): • Of the real: • Instrumental and ultimate • Of the instrumental • Possessions (external) and • Perfections (internal)

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