Atacama Large Millimeter Array Science IPT Review

1. Atacama Large Millimeter ArrayScience IPT Review Project Scientists: Al Wootten, (Lead; currently JAO PS pro tempore) Tom Wilson, (Deputy) Ryohei Kawabe: ALMA-J Lead ALMA Cost Review

2. Recap: Work Description • Charged with setting high level science specifications and requirements • Delivered high level Science Specifications and Requirements document • Continuing interplay with rest of project • Attend project reviews, often writing reports. • Make certain that these are transmitted to other IPTs • Check on flow downs and help develop alternatives, if needed • Set up meetings of ALMA Science Advisory Committees • Interaction with Management IPT, JAO, Board • ASAC-tending, as an ALMA Board Committee is a Project Scientist duty—dissemination of Reports, Agendas, Minutes • Regional Project Scientists tend regional SACs • ANASAC in North America • ESAC in Europe • JSAC in Japan • Community outreach • Development and dissemination of presentation material • Production and distribution of community reports, newsletters • Workshop development and execution ALMA Cost Review

3. Recap: R&D Involvement • Develop and commission calibration strategies for ALMA • Site characterization, design of weather stations for site • Corrections for phase fluctuations due to atmospheric water vapor • Description of Water Radiometer (WVR) and software for these corrections • Simulations including WVR and Fast Switching (FS) techniques • Amplitude calibration device assessment, with SE, FE IPTs • Design the ALMA configuration, with consulting Management, SE, Site, Antenna IPTs • Design imaging strategies and simulators ALMA Cost Review

4. Science IPT Structure ALMA Board ASAC JAO Incl. ALMA Project Scientist Now A. Wootten Project Regional Managers Science IPT Project Scientists Instrument Scientists Astronomy Community Site Charac- terization Operations, Verification Configuration Calibration Imaging SSR Liaisons Others J. Conway M.Holdaway K-I Morita J.Mangum M.Holdaway (A.Stirling) D.Emerson B. Vila-Vilaro Project Scientists R.Laing L.Nyman A. Otarola R.Lucas M.Holdaway S.Myers R.Warmels (Web) Project Scientists (Outreach) M. Hogerheijde (DRSP) Configuration Working Group (Quasi-active) Site Working Group (Quasi-active) Operations Group A.Wootten (in reconstitution) Calibration Working Group ALMA Cost Review

5. Progress to Date: Overview • Requirements defined and promulgated, overall and for subsystems • Design Reference Science Plan developed and maintained • Calibration aspects added • Employed to assess impact of BCPs on project • Configuration staked to 4km, strawman design to full extent of array developed • Site characterization data since 1995, >80% complete • Calibration Plan maintained, revised • Attendance at most reviews, often panel member(s) • Imaging simulators developed, algorithms published • Maintenance of the ALMA Sensitivity Calculator ALMA Cost Review

6. WBS Summary • 1.09.380 Science: Further work on the following items: • Array Configuration: finishing design for long baselines • Simulations: packages used throughout ALMA, total power imaging stability requirements, nutator requirements, mosaicing and on the fly interferometry • Delivered simulators in Gildas, aips++, sensitivity simulator online • Calibration: Testing, leading to commissioning of Calibration Plan • Development of Calibrator listing • Amplitude: tests at ATF of amplitude calibration device, including total power calibration • Phase: WVR implementation and interplay with fast switching • First tests at SMA; ATF implementation untimely • Imaging: Commissioning of ALMA Imaging Pipeline • Development of algorithms ALMA Cost Review

7. WBS Summary • 1.09.380.3040 Phase 2 Science Support • Maintenance of scientific priorities and goals • Now as a split activity run by NA (1.09.380.3040NA) and EU (1.09.380.3040EU) • Includes activities through testing at the ATF • 1.09.380.3050 Phase 2 Site Characterization (following approved document ALMA-90.05.00.00-001-A-SPE & interface milestone ALMA-20.01.04.00-90.05.13.00-A-ICD) • N.B. This activity is subsumed within 3040NA for NA. • management and maintenance of the site infrastructure • design, development, and deployment of instrumentation for monitoring of atmospheric conditions, • data collection, analysis and modeling the effects of the atmosphere on incoming radio waves. ALMA Cost Review

8. WBS Summary • 1.09.380.3070 ALMA Commissioning in Chile (NA/EU) • Commissioning and Science Verification (CSV) involves testing and optimization of the ALMA system • Goal is to ensure that the science requirements are met • Part of commissioning is Scientific Verification • Commissioning and SV carried out by the same team • Commissioning involves initial tests, interaction with Systems Integration and other IPTs to identify and resolve faults, optimization, training of operations staff • SV done to verify and document performance of an observing mode for users • Continuing and incremental activity • Tests the end to end system • Demonstration Science is a part of the SV process • This WP does not cover work at the ATF • There is a gradual handover of the commissioning activity to Operations during 2009-2011. ALMA Cost Review

9. Progress to Date: Requirements • Three regional ‘Instrument Scientists’ review and report • Reference Documents delivered • ALMA Scientific Specifications and Requirements (ALMA-90.00.00.00-001-A- SPE) approved by CCB, awaiting Board action • Secondary documents produced for elaboration, clarification • Nutator requirements published • RF Membrane requirements drafted • Solar filter, quarter wave plate requirements being recast • System Requirements Review • Chaired by Science IPT, arranged by SE, attended by all IPTs • Periodic meetings to review requirements and their flowdown between Science, SE and other IPTs ALMA Cost Review

10. Progress to Date:Design Reference Science Plan • Submitted Dec 2003. Web version: http://www.strw.leidenuniv.nl/~alma/drsp.html • Provides a quantitative reference for • developing the science operations plan, • for performing imaging simulations, • for software design, and • for other applications within the ALMA project. Specifically, it can be used to: • allow cross-checking of the ALMA specifications against "real" experiments • allow a first look at the time distribution for • configurations • frequencies • experimental difficulty (fraction of projects pushing ALMA specs) • start developing observing strategies • derive "use-cases" for the Computing IPT • be ready in case some ALMA rescoping is required, or in case some ALMA specifications cannot be met. • Currently in active use by the project • Assessment of calibration accuracies needed • Assessment of impact of project baseline change proposals, including evaluation of the impact of a fewer-antenna ALMA on individual DRSPs. ALMA Cost Review

11. DRSP Themes • Theme 1: Galaxies and Cosmology [Leader: Guilloteau] • 1.1 The high-redshift universe • 1.2 Gravitational lenses • 1.3 Quasar absorption lines • 1.4 SZ with ALMA • 1.5 Gas in galactic nuclei • 1.6 The AGN engine • 1.7 Galaxies in the local universe • 1.8 ALMA and the Magellanic Clouds • Theme 2: Star and planet formation [Leader: Wootten] • 2.1 Initial conditions of star formation • 2.2 Young stellar objects • 2.3 Chemistry of star-forming regions • 2.4 Protoplanetary disks • Theme 3: Stars and their evolution [Leader: Cox] • 3.1 The Sun • 3.2 Mm continuum from stars • 3.3 Circumstellar envelopes • 3.4 Post-AGB sources • 3.5 Supernovae • 3.6 Gamma ray bursts • Theme 4: Solar system [Leader: Butler] • 4.1 Planetary atmospheres • 4.2 Asteroids and comets • 4.3 Extrasolar planets ALMA Cost Review

12. Three Year Duration • Theme 1: Galaxies and Cosmology: 40% = 14.4 months = 10500 hr • Theme 2: Star and Planet Formation: 30% = 10.8 months = 7880 hr • Theme 3: Stars and their evolution: 20% = 7.2 months = 5250 hr • Theme 4: Solar system: 10% = 3.6 months = 2620 hr • Employ sensitivities on the ESO ALMA Web at: • http://www.eso.org/projects/alma/science/bin/sensitivity.html • Based on ALMA memo 393. • Maintained to keep the DRSP abreast of the field by Michiel Hogerheijde ALMA Cost Review

13. Progress to Date: Configuration • Configuration • Configuration group work began 1998, several reviews, culminating in contract with Conway and Holdaway as mentors • Plan for 64 antenna ALMA approved • Inner, outer configurations, first Early Science configs, reconfiguration • Plan for 50+ configuration submitted, staked on site • Includes reconfiguration plan ALMA Cost Review

14. Basis for Redesign • The Executives requested an analysis of the baseline, based on currently available funding. Accordingly, the JAO asked the Science IPT for a design for a 50 antenna array which could provide excellent imaging along with the possibility of extension to 64 antennas. • Science IPT renewed contract with Conway, asked Conway and Holdaway to produce such a design before the end of Summer 2005. • Principles of Design • Imaging shall be done in a single configuration when practicable. • Continuous reconfiguration scheme preferable. ALMA Cost Review

15. Status • Configuration optimization complete to <4km • Full set of optimized intermediate configurations • Total of 151 + ~35 dedicated pads, compared to 216 previously. • 11 of these, mostly in close-packed array, to be built only for N=64. • Outer configuration strawman reaches 4mas at 950 GHz • Awaits synchronization with Environmental concerns (Vizcacha avoidance and new road/fiber plan) • Ground-truthing on the site • Nyman, Rivera, Holdaway perfect the mask • Otarola, Stirling, Rivera to Chajnantor 2005 August • Assess conformance of actual landforms to Digital Elevation Model (perhaps 300m errors) • Iteration of Conway-chosen locations with John to determine these final locations • Final version then produced by August 17. • Comments from the ASAC have been favorable. ALMA Cost Review

16. Close-packed Configuration Features • Basically unchanged from previous 60 pad design • 9 outer pads, 1 inner pad subtracted • Imaging performance verified (ALMA Memos 428, 430) • Extended NS configuration outside (-55º, +15º)—no transit shadowing to +35º, 16 add’l pads • Two reserved pads to be built for 64 antenna array. ALMA Cost Review

17. Intermediate Configurations • Can support nearly continuous reconfiguration • ~20 configurations within 4km • Four antennas moved at a time • Resolution change 1.174 • Two per day per transporter • Almost certainly will not actually schedule this pace! • 10% Stretch (ALMA Memo 119) on spiral design, constrained by terrain mask. • Three pads to maintain short spacings • Two pads to accommodate NS extension • Inward reconfiguration opposite of outward except for innermost shadowed configurations • I, O configurations differ slightly for inner 15. ALMA Cost Review

18. 5000m Chajnantor site APEX CBI ALMA Site Char ALMA Cost Review

19. Design ALMA Cost Review

20. Progress to Date: Calibration • Calibration • Calibration Working Group (J. Mangum, leader) holds monthly telecons with agendas and minutes • https://wikio.nrao.edu/bin/view/ALMA/AlmaCal • Includes representatives from currently operating millimeter interferometers, other IPTs • Calibration Specifications and Requirements (ALMA-90.03.00.00-001-B-SPE)—approved 2002-Nov-26; updated document in revision • ALMA Calibration Plan (SCID-90.03.00.00-007-A-PLA)—revised yearly; in third version • WVR implementation on SMA under way • Amplitude Calibration Device review (05Aug25) • ATF to be testbed for plan • DRSP used as foil for plan ALMA Cost Review

21. Rebaselining Changes • Scope: IPT costs are mostly personnel • Commissioning WBS carved out of catchall WBS: several positions shift to Commissioning as AIV proceeds. • Budget is level of effort • Testing of prototype two element interferometer with prototype electronics at ATF by Science IPT staff assisted by other IPTs • Schedule dependencies • Schedule of prototype deliveries at ATF • AIV schedule in Chile ALMA Cost Review

22. Budget • CTC estimate is 9.787 million. This consists of 75% for salaries and travel • Contingency is 5.1% • Contingency is a 0.1% reduction in the planned contingency from the plan of 2002 March 12. • Assumptions & dependencies are based on the Integrated Project Plan • Bases of estimates: • Present staff is nearly complete in NA and EU • Attempts to hire a JAO Project Scientist to lead science in CSV in Chile so far not successful • Currently, regional Project Scientists plan to rotate through JAO PS position on a four month turno until antennas arrive in Chile • Commissioning effort adds staff in Chile augmented by postdocs • Recovery plans for budget problems • Delay in hiring of postdocs • Small reduction in travel ALMA Cost Review

23. 1.09 ScienceCost Estimate < Totals $ 460 $ 9,325 $ 9,785 < ALMA Cost Review

24. 2008 2009 2006 2007 2010 2011 2012 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1.09 Science Summary Schedule (Data from IPS as of 2005Sep28) DRAFT ATF Testing Prototypes & Pre-Production June ’06 ATF First Fringes SE&I Reference OSF AIV Completion Dates 50th 1st 2nd 16th 32nd 3rd 8th ATF Testing Support ATF Site Characterization Commissioning OSF / AOS Completion Dates SCIENCE SUMMARY ` 50th 32nd 8th 16th AOS 6 Ant Array Evaluation Complete Science Verification / Demonstration Science OSF/AOS Feb ’09 Early Science Decision Point Call for Proposals / Early Science Preparation Early Science March 31 ’12 Start of Full Science ALMA Cost Review

25. Risk Register ALMA Cost Review

26. Interactions • ALMA-J interaction – Complete integration of Science IPT occurs at every level • There are not expected to be problems in this process • Fomalont visiting JP to discuss ACA calibration aspects next week. • Operations interaction – Need a full team with a JAO Project Scientist in place to ensure successful CSV process with transition to HSO/Operations. Currently, PS interact with JAO, proto-ARCs. • Problems specific to Science –The CSV work at the ATF and in Chile depend on the schedule being met by other IPTs. To ensure communication, CIPT members attend most ScIPT telecons; PS attends CIPT/SSR telecons; NA PS and IS attend PSI telecons; PS attends Board, JAO/MIPT telecons and maintains presence in JAO/Santiago. Wootten produces ‘Biweekly Calendar’ of goings-on around the Project. ALMA Cost Review