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Islam and the branches

Islam and the branches. Muhammad. Born around 570 AD 610 – Gabriel enters Muhammad’s life 613 – Preaches publicly in Mecca – faced with hostility. People still believe in many gods. 622 – Decides to leave Mecca for Medina (Hijrah) 633 – returns to Mecca with 10,000 followers

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Islam and the branches

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  1. Islam and the branches

  2. Muhammad • Born around 570 AD • 610 – Gabriel enters Muhammad’s life • 613 – Preaches publicly in Mecca – faced with hostility. People still believe in many gods. • 622 – Decides to leave Mecca for Medina (Hijrah) • 633 – returns to Mecca with 10,000 followers • 635 – Muhammad dies

  3. Many pledged loyalty to Muhammad and many converted • Unfortunately – he did not name a successor to take over! • Didn’t teach his followers how to chose one • Relying on ancient custom – Abu Bakr became first caliph – successor or deputy

  4. 3 more after Abu • Umar, Uthman and Ali • All knew Muhammad • Used the Quran to guide them! • Known as “rightly guided” caliphs • Abu promised to uphold what Muhammad stood for

  5. Jihad • Many denounced Islam now • Abu invoked Jihad – “strive” – armed struggle against unbelievers • All four caliphs expanded Muslim territory

  6. People never forced to convert – However, Christians and Jews were not allowed to spread religion • Uthman – murdered • Ali – right to rule challenged also killed

  7. Umayyad's • Elective system of choosing a caliph died too! • Umayyad's – moved capital city to Damascus • Gave up on how caliphs ran gov’t – focused themselves on money and greed • Many people divided now Foot soldier

  8. Sunni-Shi’a Split • Most accepted their rule – minority resisted • Those who resisted believed whoever would be next caliph HAD to be a descendent of Muhammad! • Called Shi’a or Shi’ites • Those who followed Umayyad - Sunni

  9. Main differences SunniShi’a The first 4 caliphs were rightly Believe Ali (Muhammad's son-in- guided law) should have succeeded Muslim Rulers should follow All Muslim rulers should be Muhammad’s examples descendants of Muhammad Claim Shi’a have a distorted Claim Sunni have distorted meaning meaning of the Qur’an of Qur’an

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