Mobile Computing and Commerce (chapter 8)

1. Mobile Computing and Commerce (chapter 8)

2. Learning Objectives • Discuss the value-added attributes, benefits, and fundamental drivers of m-commerce. • Describe the mobile computing environment that supports m-commerce (devices, software, services). • Describe the four major types of wireless telecommunications networks. • Discuss m-commerce applications in finance. • Describe m-commerce applications in shopping, advertising, and provision of content.

3. Learning Objectives • Discuss the application of m-commerce within organizations and across the supply chain. • Describe consumer and personal applications of m-commerce. • Understand the technologies and potential application of location-based m-commerce. • Describe the major inhibitors and barriers of m-commerce. • Discuss the key characteristics, critical technologies, and major applications of pervasive computing.

4. Mobile Commerce: Attributes, Benefits, and Drivers • mobile commerce (m-commerce, m-business) Any business activity conducted over a wireless telecommunications network or from mobile devices

5. Mobile Commerce: Attributes, Benefits, and Drivers • ATTRIBUTES OF M-COMMERCE • Ubiquity • Convenience • Interactivity • Personalization • Localization

7. Example of mobile commerce Car key and the Speedpass

8. Mobile Commerce Applications Financial Services Mobile Banking Wireless Electronic Payment System

9. Financial Services (continued) Mobile Wallet Micropayments Wireless Bill Payments

10. Mobile Commerce: Attributes, Benefits, and Drivers • DRIVERS OF M-COMMERCE • Widespread availability of more powerful mobile devices • The handset culture • The service economy • Vendor’s push • The mobile workforce • Increased mobility • Improved price/performance • Improving bandwidth

11. Components, Technical Infrastructure,and Services of Mobile Computing • wireless mobile computing (mobile computing) Computing that connects a mobile device to a network or another computing device, anytime, anywhere

12. Components, Technical Infrastructure,and Services of Mobile Computing • MOBILE DEVICES • Mobile computers • personal digital assistant (PDA) A stand-alone handheld computer principally used for personal information management • smartphone A mobile phone with PC-like capabilities e.g Blackberry, iphone, Androids, etc

13. Components, Technical Infrastructure,and Services of Mobile Computing • MOBILE COMPUTING SOFTWARE AND SERVICES • Messaging Services • short message service (SMS) A service that supports the sending and receiving of short text messages on mobile phones • multimedia messaging service (MMS) The emerging generation of wireless messaging; MMS is able to deliver rich media

14. Components, Technical Infrastructure,and Services of Mobile Computing • Location-Based Services • Voice-Support Services • interactive voice response (IVR) A voice system that enables users to request and receive information and to enter and change data through a telephone to a computerized system • voice portal A Web site with an audio interface that can be accessed through a telephone call e.gBing Voice Search for mobile phones (tellme.com)

15. Components, Technical Infrastructure,and Services of Mobile Computing • WIRELESS TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS • personal area network (PAN) A wireless telecommunications network for device-to-device connections within a very short range • Bluetooth A set of telecommunications standards that enables wireless devices to communicate with each other over short distances

16. Components, Technical Infrastructure,and Services of Mobile Computing • wireless local area network (WLAN) A telecommunications network that enables users to make short-range wireless connections to the Internet or another network • Wi-Fi (wireless fidelity) The common name used to describe the IEEE 802.11 standard used on most WLANs

18. Components, Technical Infrastructure,and Services of Mobile Computing • WiMax A wireless standard (IEEE 802.16) for making broadband network connections over a medium-size area such as a city • wireless wide area network (WWAN) A telecommunications network that offers wireless coverage over a large geographical area, typically over a cellular phone network

19. Mobile Financial Applications • MOBILE BANKING • MOBILE PAYMENTS • Mobile Proximity Payments • Mobile Remote Payments

20. Mobile Financial Applications • digital divide Refers to the gap between people with effective access to digital and information technology and those without • microfinance Refers to the provision of financial services to poor or low-income clients, including consumers and the self-employed

21. Mobile Marketing and Advertising • MOBILE MARKETING CAMPAIGNS • Four classes of mobile marketing campaigns: • Information • Entertainment • Raffles • Coupons

22. Mobile Marketing and Advertising • The major objectives of these classes fell into one of six categories: • Building brand awareness • Changing brand image • Promoting sales • Enhancing brand loyalty • Building customer databases • Stimulating mobile word of mouth

23. Mobile Marketing and Advertising • MOBILE MARKETING GUIDELINES • The basic principles of the Global Code of Conduct for Internet marketing: • Notice • Choice and consent • Customization and constraint • Security • Enforcement and accountability

24. Mobile Workforce Solutions • NEEDS OF THE MOBILE WORKFORCE • mobile worker Any employee who is away from their primary work space at least 10 hours a week or 25 percent of the time • Benefits of Mobile Workforce Support • Mobile workers can be divided into three segments: • Mobile professionals (senior executives and consultants) • Mobile field force (field sales and service technicians) • Mobile specialty workers (delivery personnel and construction workers)

25. Mobile Workforce Solutions • Some solutions widely used by the three segments include: • Mobile office applications • Sales force automation (SFA) • Field force automation (FFA) • Mobile CRM (e-CRM)

26. Mobile Workforce Solutions • Challenges of Mobile Workforce Support • Network coverage gaps and interruptions • Internetwork roaming • Mobile network and application performance • Device and network management • Bandwidth management

27. Mobile Entertainment • mobile entertainment Any type of leisure activity that utilizes wireless telecommunication networks, interacts with service providers, and incurs a cost upon usage

29. Mobile Entertainment • MOBILE MUSIC AND VIDEO • MOBILE GAMES • Technology • Number of players • Genre • MOBILE GAMBLING

30. Location-Based Mobile Commerce • location-based m-commerce (l-commerce) Delivery of m-commerce transactions to individuals in a specific location, at a specific time • The services provided through location-based m-commerce focus on five key factors: • Location • Navigation • Tracking • Mapping • Timing

31. Location-Based Mobile Commerce • L-COMMERCE INFRASTRUCTURE • Mobile devices • Communication network • Positioning component • Service or application provider • Data or content provider

32. Location-Based Mobile Commerce • Positioning Components • network-based positioning Relies on base stations to find the location of a mobile device sending a signal or sensed by the network • terminal-based positioning Calculating the location of a mobile device from signals sent by the device to base stations • global positioning system (GPS) A worldwide satellite-based tracking system that enables users to determine their position anywhere on the earth

33. Location-Based Mobile Commerce • Location-Based Data • Locating • Navigating • Searching • Identifying • Event checking • geographical information system (GIS) A computer system capable of integrating, storing, editing, analyzing, sharing, and displaying geographically-referenced (spatial) information

35. Location-Based Mobile Commerce • BARRIERS TO LOCATION-BASED M-COMMERCE • Lack of GPS in mobile phones • Accuracy of devices • The cost–benefit justification • Limited network bandwidth • Invasion of privacy

36. Security and Other Implementation Issues in Mobile Commerce • M-COMMERCE SECURITY ISSUES • Worms capable of spreading through mobile phones • Open-air transmission of signals across multiple networks opens up new opportunities for compromising security • Mobile devices are easily lost or stolen

37. Using Google Earth in location-based advertising

38. Example of location-based advertising Digital screen

40. Security and Other Implementation Issues in Mobile Commerce • ETHICAL, LEGAL, AND HEALTH ISSUES IN M-COMMERCE • The isolation that mobile devices can impose on a workforce • Field service employees dispatched remotely visit “the office” only briefly at the start and end of each day, if at all • Not easy to separate work and personal life on a cell phone, unless one is willing to carry two phones or two PDAs • Health damage from cellular radio frequency emissions • Monitoring staff movements based on GPS-enabled devices or vehicles

41. Pervasive Computing • pervasive computing Invisible, everywhere computing; computing capabilities embedded into the objects around us - embedded in the objects around us – the floors, the lights, our cars, washing machine, microwave oven, cell phones, clothes, and so on. (e.g., smart home, smart appliances)

42. Pervasive Computing • Principles of Pervasive Computing • Decentralization • Diversification • Connectivity. • Simplicity • Internet of Things

43. Pervasive Computing • radio frequency identification (RFID) A short-range radio frequency communication technology for remotely storing and retrieving data using devices called RFID tags and RFID readers

44. Pervasive Computing • RFID Basics • RFID Applications • Tracking and identifying people • Tracking vehicles and commuters • Tracking animals • Tracking assets • Tracking product inventory • electronic product code (EPC) A product identification standard that specifies the manufacturer, producer, version, and serial number of each (product) item

45. Various RFID Tags

46. RFID tracking tag from the movie “Mission Impossible”

47. Product with bar code and RFID tag RFID tag Bar code

48. Pervasive Computing • SENSOR NETWORKS AND SMART ITEMS • sensor network A collection of nodes, sometimes as small as millimeters in length or diameter, capable of environmental sensing, local computation, and communication with its peers or with other higher performance nodes • Sensor Networking Standards • Smart Applications • PRIVACY AND PERVASIVE COMPUTING