Spring Exam Review

1. Spring Exam Review This review covers Chapter 5, 6, 7, Constitutional Handbook, Early Presidents (parts of Chapters 8-12) and Chapter 13 (Road to Civil War)

2. What were the cause of the American Revolution? • The extreme debt incurred by the British as a result of the French and Indian War • Frontiersmen ignored the Proclamation of 1763 • The British started a series of taxes that angered the colonists • Their battle cry became “No Taxation Without Representation!”

3. Event #1 1763 Proclamation Line

4. Proclamation of 1763 • … a law passed by King George III to try to prevent the colonists from expanding westward. It set the Appalachian Mountains as the boundary line. No new expansion was allowed past this line and those settlers already living on the frontier there were told to leave. The Proclamation was intended to prevent further conflict with the Native Americans such as Pontiac’s War. • The Proclamation angered the colonists who wanted to expand into the area that had been won fair and square in the French and Indian War. This led to friction between the Colonists and the King . They chose to ignore the Proclamation because of the 3000 mile distance. The bad feeling would continue to worsen as new taxes were issued to help pay for the debt from the War.

5. Event #2 1764, Sugar Act

6. Sugar Act… • Parliament and king george III lowered the tax on molasses and sugar items hoping this would convince the colonists to pay the tax. Prior to this, the colonists were smuggling sugar items into the colonies to avoid the tax. • The new law angered the colonsits because they believed that the Bristish were violating their rights as British citizens. It also violated their right to a jury trial. These were some of the ways that the British began to anger the colonists and that would lead to rebelion.

7. Event #3 1765, Stamp Act

8. Stamp Act • The Stamp Act was passed in1765 by Parliament, this act put taxes on almost all printed material, including newspapers, playing cards, and wills. Also printed materials had to have a stamp. After the tax was paid the stamp was applied to the material. This was the first tax that directly impacted the colonists pocketbook. • These taxes caused a man named Samuel Adams to start a group “trouble makers” called the Sons of Liberty. These were a group of people that burned effigies, or rag figures, of tax collectors. Another man, Patrick Henry, brought the colonists to boycott the Stamps. This taught the colonists that when they worked together they can accomplish great things.

9. Event #4 1770, Townshend Acts

10. Event #6 1773, Tea Act

11. Event #7 1773, Boston “Tea Party”

12. Coercive Acts (or Intolerable Acts) (*how do the Coercive Acts relate to the 3rd Amendment?)

13. What did Jesus have to say about paying taxes? Read Matthew 22:15-22

14. Two new “tactics” that were used in the pre-War period: • Boycott • First Continential Congress called for the boycott of British goods • Daughters of Liberty spread information on how to substitute homemade goods in their place • Propaganda -Five people were killed and it was referred to as the Boston “Massacre” -The Coercive Acts were re-named the “Intolerable” Acts by the Colonists

15. 1776---Two Key Events • January---Thomas Paine publishes the pamphlet Common Sense • 500,000 copies were sold • Contained the “why” of the American Revolution • Second Continental Congresses calls for the writing of the Declaration of Indpendence

16. Struggle at Valley Forge

17. American Strengths and Weaknesses • The colonists are fighting for independence • George Washington can inspire his men to fight • France will aide the colonies with weapons, supplies and their navy

18. Patriots and Loyalists • Patriots were colonists who supported the break from England. • Loyalists are colonials support the England. • Colonists are divided as to whether or not they should rebel against England!

19. American Strengths and Weaknesses • The colonists are not a trained army • Colonists enlist for months instead of years • Short on money, weapons and supplies to fight a war

20. British Strengths and Weaknesses • The British have an experienced professional army • Outnumber the Continental Army • The British army is well supplied with equipment and weapons

21. British Strengths and Weaknesses • The British are not fighting for a cause • British officers are careless and poor leaders • The British have a to cross the Atlantic Ocean to send men and supplies for the war • The support at homes is rather weak

22. Outwit, Outlast and Outplay in New Jersey • Battle of Trenton • Battle of Princeton

23. The Turning Point: Battle of Saratoga

24. Two Constitutions • Articles of Confederation • U.S. Constitution

25. Articles of Confederation • Strengths • Weaknesses

26. U.S. Constitution: A Bundle of Compromises • Virginia Plan and New Jersey Plan were brought together in the Great Compromise • If the lower house of the legislature was to be based on population then how was the South’s slave population to be counted in the census? • This led to the • 3/5 Compromise • Slave Trade Compromise

27. Basic Organization of the Constitution • Introduction- Preamble (gives the 6 purposes of the constitution) • Articles I –VII • Article I – Legislative Branch • Article II- Executive Branch • Article III- Judicial Branch • Amendments • Bill of Rights, Amendments 1-10 • Later Amendments, 11-27 First Amendment (5 Freedoms) Second Amendment Third Amendment

28. Use the Constitution to fill in this chart:

29. U.S. Constitution 7 Foundational Principles: • Popular Sovereignty-the theory that government is subject to the will of the people • Republicanism-having a representative democrcy • Limited government- • Federalism-the sharing of power between federal and state governments • Separation of Powers-each of the three branches of government (legislative, executive and judicial) is given distinct jobs to do by the Constitution • Checks and Balances-each branch of government has a “check” on the other two branches so that no one branch becomes too powerful • Individual Rights-citizens are guaranteed a protection of basic rights such as those listed in the Bill of Rights The Constitutional Convention met in Philadelphia in the summer of 1787

30. Early Presidents What were their major accomplishments in domestic and foreign affairs?

31. GeorgeWashington For this President review the • Judiciary Act • Neutrality Proclamation • *Please remember that you read the pages on this President and you can always look at other classes’ President pages on the wikispace

32. Think about this… • : Most Americans would agree that George Washington was a great leader but they wouldn’t be able to give good reasons why this is true. Now that you have studied George Washington’s actions in both the American Revolution and as the First United States President, can you give four convincing pieces of “evidence” to show that he was a great leader in the two events listed above?

33. John Adams • 22. John Adams • (a) Alien and Sedition Acts • (b) Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions • Please remember that you read the pages on this President and you can always look at other classes’ President pages on the wikispace

34. Thomas Jefferson • 23. Thomas Jefferson • (a) Louisiana Purchase • (b) Lewis and Clark Expedition • Please remember that you read the pages on this President and you can always look at other classes’ President pages on the wikispace

35. James Madison • 24. James Madison • (a) War of 1812- • (b) Treaty of Ghent- • Please remember that you read the pages on this President and you can always look at other classes’ President pages on the wikispace

36. JamesMonroe • 25. James Monroe • (a) Missouri Compromise • (b) Monroe Doctrine- • Please remember that you read the pages on this President and you can always look at other classes’ President pages on the wikispace

37. John Quincy Adams • All you need to know is that John Q. Adams was the 6th President of the United States (from Memory Matters)

38. Andrew Jackson • 27.. Andrew Jackson • (a) Trail of Tears • (b) Nullification Crisis • Please remember that you read the pages on this President and you can always look at other classes’ President pages on the wikispace

39. Changes in Work, Travel and Communication

40. Industrialization • Began in the North • The South lacked “capital” to start factories • Their “capital” was tied up in slaves and land • North had more factories • Immigrants flocked to America and worked in Northern factories • The South remained more AGRARIAN and the Northern economy more INDUSTRIAL

41. Changes in the way people worked… • Elias Howe invented the Sewing Machine • John Deere invented the steel-tipped plow

42. The reaper was invented by Cyrus McCormick • Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin

43. Travel: Steam Locomotive Communication: Telegraph Samuel Morse • Peter Cooper

44. American Revolution War of 1812 1812-1815 • 1775 (or 1776) to 1783

45. Civil War Spanish American War 1898 • 1 • 1861-1865

46. World War I World War II 1941-1945 • 1917-1918

47. Korean War Vietnam War 1960-1975 • 1950-1953