then

1. Summarize then Synthesize

2. Summarize Connect to the Text

3. What do we already know? • What do you know about • summarizing? What words come to mind? 2. How do you summarize?

4. Summarize -- • to present the substance • or general idea in brief form; • to create a clear, concise, and • complete condensed • account of the original; • to cover the main points

5. Discuss -- Why is summarizing important?

6. Why do we summarize? “Practice in summarizing improves students’ reading comprehension of fiction and nonfiction alike, helping to construct an overall understanding of a text, story, chapter, or article.” (Rinehart, Stahl & Erickson, 1986)

7. Who?What?When?Where?How?Why? Be a News Reporter

8. Ways to introduce a summary: • The most important ideas in this text are… • This book was about… • First… Next… Then… Finally… • This story takes place… • The main characters are… • The problem occurs when…

9. Steps to identify the topic ~ Look at the title.Look at the first and last paragraph.Ask yourself: “What is discussed through the whole section?”Look at captions, pictures, words in bold, and headings for clues to the topic. What do they all have in common?

10. Identify All Details/Major Events Authors often plant important ideas in:  Details that reflect the title  Details at the beginning of text  Details at the end  Surprises or revelations  Repetitions  Lots of attention given to a detail  Subheads and italicized text  Changes in character, tone, mood, setting, plot  A question near the beginning or end

11. How to evaluate your summary 1. If you have not read the text yourself, would you be able to understand what it was about from the summary? Why or why not?2. Is there anything important that should be added? What is it?3. Is there anything unimportant that should be be left out of the summary? What is it?

12. Key word (s) Summarizing First text chunk Key word (s) Summarizing Fourth text chunk Title of Text to be Summarized Key word (s) Summarizing Third text chunk Key word (s) Summarizing Second text chunk

13. Somebody/Wanted/But/So Then • Reading Skills Important • to Summarization • Conflict/Resolution • Character Differences, Goals, • and Motivations • Main Ideas and Details • Making Generalizations

14. Excerpt from The Necklace Mrs. Loisel wanted to be rich and wanted to go to the dance. BUT she didn’t have the right clothes and jewelry. SO she shamed her husband into buying her a dress and she borrowed a necklace. THEN Mrs. Loisel wanted to give back the necklace after she wore it.BUT she had lost it. SO she and her husband had to find a new one and THEN borrow money to buy it so she could return the replacement to her friend.

15. Sum It Up! “She put on two woolen suits, one on top of the other. Then she put on two leather suits and covered her bulky outfit with a skirt.” Excerpt from Ruth Law Thrills a Nation (Brown, 1993)

16. 3 – 2 – 1 Strategy 3 Things You Found Out 2 Interesting Facts 1 Question You Still Have

17. Synthesize Connect to the Text

18. SYNTHESIZE – Beyond Summary together The putting so as to form a whole of parts or elements

19. Synthesis is… “The process of ordering, recalling, retelling, and recreating into a coherent whole the information with which our minds are bombarded every day. It is the uniquely human trait that permits us to sift through a myriad of details and focus on those pieces we need to know and remember.” (Keene/Zimmerman)

20. “Synthesizing is like inferring, only super-sized!” “When you synthesize you say in your head, I used to think this, but now I’m thinking this.” “When I synthesize, my mind is changing, my ideas are changing, my thinking is changing.”

21. BringingIt home… “As families share the events of the day, they are synthesizing, sorting out the unimportant, and creating individual interpretations of the day.” Keene, Zimmerman

22. Synthesizing How is synthesizing important for your understanding?

23. Ways to Synthesize

24. Bloom’s Taxonomy Cues for Synthesis • Compose • Construct • Develop • Organize • Perform • Produce • Propose • Rewrite • Combine • Integrate • Modify • Rearrange • Substitute • Plan • Create • Design • Invent

25. Two-Word Strategy • Read a thought-provoking article. • Write only two different words that reflect your thinking about the passage. • After selections, tell others the words, why you chose them, and how they relate to your life.

26. Strip Poem • Each person writes one item that he/she knows about the subject studied. • The strips of paper are read aloud in a small group. • The group organizes itself in some coherent form. • The group reads the “poem” to the class.

27. Save the Last Word for Me Directions: 1. Select a quote from the article you’ve read. Write your thought/ idea/question about the quote. 2. In a small group, give your quote and allow all others to respond. 3. At the end, share your comments.

28. Character Hot Seat • Student sits in a chair in front of the room and assume a character from their book. • Ask student various questions about his/her character’s life. • Move to a higher level and ask his/her opinion on different subjects clearly important to that character.