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Heliocentric Revolution

Heliocentric Revolution. Copernicus 1543 Inferior planets orbit sun closer and faster. Retrograde Due to Passing If Earth orbits sun, moon would be left behind. (1616). Heliocentric Revolution. Copernicus Tycho Brahe Kepler Galileo. Tycho Brahe. 1563 Conjunction of Jupiter and Saturn

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Heliocentric Revolution

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  1. Heliocentric Revolution Copernicus 1543 Inferior planets orbit sun closer and faster. Retrograde Due to Passing If Earth orbits sun, moon would be left behind. (1616)

  2. Heliocentric Revolution Copernicus Tycho Brahe Kepler Galileo

  3. Tycho Brahe 1563 Conjunction of Jupiter and Saturn Ptolemaic Prediction off by 1 Month Copernican Prediction off by Few Days Only 20 Years Old

  4. Tycho Brahe 1572 Supernova Farther than Moon Å

  5. Tycho Brahe Danish Observatory, Hven

  6. Tycho Brahe

  7. Tycho Brahe

  8. Heliocentric Revolution Copernicus Tycho Brahe Kepler Galileo

  9. Kepler Mother Tried for Witchcraft Teacher Wrote Short Story of Astral Voyage to the Moon and Back Tried for Witchcraft

  10. Sphere Icosahedron Cube Sphere Tetrahedron Sphere Dodecahedron Sphere

  11. Needed Better Data Went to Work for Tycho Brahe 1600 Tycho Gave Only Tiny Bits of Data Tycho Dying Recommended Kepler as Royal Mathematician Tycho Died 1601 Dispute with Brahe Family Kepler Kept Data 1604 Supernova Rudolphine Tables 1627 by Tycho Brahe and Johannes Kepler 3 Laws of Planetary Motion Kepler

  12. 1) Planets orbit in ellipses with the sun at one focus. What sets this apart from previous models?

  13. 1) Planets orbit in ellipses with the sun at one focus. Circles are a possibility, but not required.

  14. The distance from any planet to the sun plus the distance from the planet to the other focus is a constant.

  15. Perihelion Closest to Sun Aphelion Farthest from Sun

  16. Minor Axis

  17. Major Axis

  18. SemiMajor Axis

  19. Semimajor Axis/Astronomical Unit The average distance from a planet to the sun is equal to the semimajor axis of the planet. The Astronomical Unit is a distance measurement defined as the semimajor axis of Earth. The distance from the sun to the earth is exactly 1AU. We use a for semimajor axis.

  20. ¤ ¤ ¤ Eccentricity e=0.8 e=0.4 e=0.1

  21. 2) The line connecting the planet and the sun sweeps out equal areas in equal time.

  22. Consequences of Kepler’s Second Law Speed is not constant. Speed Constantly Changing Fastest at Perihelion Slowest at Aphelion Acceleration Aphelion to Perihelion Deceleration Perihelion to Aphelion

  23. 2) The line connecting the planet and the sun sweeps out equal areas in equal time.

  24. 3) P2=ka3 Period in Years a in AUs k = 1

  25. a3 a P Planet P2 Earth 1 1 0.7233 0.61521 11.86 5.2028 164.82 30.061 0.24085 0.3871 3) P2=a3 = 1 1 0.37840 Venus 0.37848 Jupiter 140.66 140.84 Neptune 27,165.6 27,165.0 Mercury 0.058009 0.058005

  26. Heliocentric Revolution Copernicus Tycho Brahe Kepler Galileo

  27. Aristotle Earth Moon Stars Parallax Laws of Motion

  28. Galileo and his Telescope Made Five Observations That Challenged Wisdom Milky Way Too Many Stars to Count Big Change in Celestial Sphere No Change, Just Undiscovered

  29. Galileo and his Telescope Moon Mountains Craters Not Perfect ChallengesWisdom of Aristotle Sun

  30. Galileo and his Telescope Sunspots Imperfect

  31. Galileo and his Telescope Sunspots Move

  32. Galileo and his Telescope Sunspots Move

  33. Galileo and his Telescope Sunspots Move

  34. Galileo and his Telescope Sunspots Move Fade

  35. Galileo and his Telescope Sunspots Move Fade

  36. Galileo and his Telescope Sunspots Move Fade New Ones Appear

  37. Galileo and his Telescope Sunspots Move Fade New Ones Appear Who proved Earth does not orbit the sun? Challenges Wisdom of Aristotle

  38. Galileo and his Telescope Jupiter Moons They don’t get left behind. If Earth orbits sun, moon would be left behind. (1616)

  39. Galileo and his Telescope Venus

  40. Galileo and his Telescope

  41. Galileo and his Telescope Venus Phases Receives Light from Sun Large Crescent 5X Gibbous Small Gibbous ½ Full at Greatest Elongation

  42. Ptolomy Venus on Epicycle Between Earth and Sun Only Crescents Possible ¤ +

  43. Gibbous Greatest Elongation Copernicus Venus Orbits Sun half full small big small half full Crescent ¤ +

  44. Galileo and his Telescope Venus Phases Large Crescent Small Gibbous 1/5 Crescent

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