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The Human Muscular system

The Human Muscular system. PSE4U: Unit 3. Learning Objectives. Discuss functions of the muscular system Examine muscle fibre types Become familiar with types of muscular contractions 3 basic types of contraction. 7 Functions of the Muscular System. Shape Posture Movement

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The Human Muscular system

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  1. The Human Muscular system PSE4U: Unit 3

  2. Learning Objectives • Discuss functions of the muscular system • Examine muscle fibre types • Become familiar with types of muscular contractions • 3 basic types of contraction

  3. 7 Functions of the Muscular System • Shape • Posture • Movement • Function of vital organs (heart, respiration, digestion etc.) • Communication • Support and Protect organs • Maintenance of body temperature

  4. Skeletal muscle Cardiac muscle Smooth muscle Types of Muscle • The human body is comprised of ~700 muscles • Muscle makes up 30-35% (in women) and 42-47% (in men) of body mass. Three types of muscle:

  5. Muscle Cell types

  6. CLASSIFICATION OF MUSCLES SUMMARY 2. Microscopic Appearance 3. Nervous Control 1. Location A. Striated A. Skeletal A. Voluntary B. Smooth B. Visceral B. Involuntary C. Vol/Invol C. Cardiac C. Syncytium

  7. A. Skeletal (Striated) Muscle • Makes up 30-40% of body mass • Connects the various parts of the skeleton through one or more connective tissue tendons • During muscle contraction, skeletal muscle shortens and moves various parts of the skeleton • Through graded activation of the muscles, the speed and smoothness of the movement can be gradated • Activated through signals carried to the muscles via nerves (SNS - voluntary control) • Repeated activation of a skeletal muscle can lead to fatigue • Produces heat(temperature regulation)

  8. Skeletal (striated) Muscle

  9. B. Smooth Muscle • Located in the blood vessels, the respiratory tract, the iris of the eye, the gastro-intestinal tract • The contractions are slow and uniform • Functions to alter the activity of various body parts to meet the needs of the body at that time • Is fatigue resistant • Activation is involuntary (ANS)

  10. Smooth Muscle

  11. C. Cardiac Muscle • Has characteristics of both skeletal and smooth muscle • Specialized – allows for synchronous contractions • Functions to provide the contractile activity of the heart • Contractile activity can be gradated (like skeletal muscle) • Is very fatigue resistant • Activation of cardiac muscle is involuntary (like smooth muscle)

  12. Structural Differencesof MuscleCells

  13. Static vs. Dynamic Muscle Contractions • STATIC • **no visible movement occurs** • muscle force is equal to load (holding something up without moving it ie. Hanging a picture) • The need for a maximal static contraction is rare in sports • Eg. Wresting, judo, gymnastics • DYNAMIC • **visible movement of the load** • Muscle forces changes as the load is moved

  14. 3 Basic Types of Muscular Contractions • ISOMETRIC CONTRACTION • No visible movement at the joint (static) • No change in muscle length • CONCENTRIC CONTRACTION • Shortening of muscle fibres • Visible movement of a joint (dynamic) • ECCENTRIC CONTRACTION • Lengthening of muscle fibres • Visible movement at a joint (dynamic)

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