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Abdool Kamdar ( A K ) Business Process Engineer BSc. Eng . (Metallurgy and Materials) - Wits,   

ULTRACAPACITOR KINETIC ENERGY RECOVERY SYSTEMS IN ROAD TRANSPORT VEHICLES. IS IT A VIABLE RETROFIT OPTION FOR REDUCING FUEL CONSUMPTION AND CO 2 EMISSIONS?. Abdool Kamdar ( A K ) Business Process Engineer BSc. Eng . (Metallurgy and Materials) - Wits,    GDE Ind. Eng . – Wits, 

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Abdool Kamdar ( A K ) Business Process Engineer BSc. Eng . (Metallurgy and Materials) - Wits,   

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  1. ULTRACAPACITOR KINETIC ENERGY RECOVERY SYSTEMS IN ROAD TRANSPORT VEHICLES. IS IT A VIABLE RETROFIT OPTION FOR REDUCING FUEL CONSUMPTION AND CO2 EMISSIONS? Abdool Kamdar ( A K ) Business Process Engineer BSc. Eng. (Metallurgy and Materials) - Wits,    GDE Ind. Eng. – Wits,  Adv. Dip. Comm. Path.UP,   International Executive Development Program (Logistics)– GIBS Innovating Solutions for Aging Populations - Copenhagen Business School (Coursera) Email: ak@kdg-auto.com Cell: 083 786 9119 Tel: 031 – 408 1467

  2. L O G I S T I C S level 2 BEE Value Adding supplier Car Carrier Company

  3. About KDG Logsitics • Trucks in Fleet: 58 • Number of drivers: 60Office and Yard Staff: 32 • Delivery capacity per annum: approx. 48 000 vehicles • Expected carrier distance per annum: 15 000 000 km • On Time delivery better than 99% • Innovation driven • Culture of learning • Constant change • Research based • Data driven • Quality fleet • Expected CO2 emissions per year 12 700 000 kg

  4. Global Warming • Why the sudden interest in CO2 and global warming? • Surely it will take forever to make a difference to our lives. • Why don’t we just leave it to the next generation to fix • When did global warming even begin?

  5. (NASA Global Climate Change)

  6. (Carbon Countdown, Data from Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Report 2014)

  7. (Data from Differential climate impacts for policy-relevant limits to global warming: the case of 1.5 ◦C and 2 ◦C)

  8. The C40 Cities Climate Leadership • The cities of Johannesburg, Cape Town, Durban, and Pretoria have all signed the agreements on Climate Leadership. • This voluntary alignment has set significant greenhouse gas emissions targets and short timelines to achieve them. • City of Cape Town as an example has set a target of 13% reduction in GHG emissions from all sources by 2020, 29 % by 2030, and 37% by 2040. Whilst these are impressive targets, one of the most visible early steps has been the purchase of 10 Electric buses from BYD of China. • The city of Durban municipal fleet is contemplating its own climate response and is seeking a more pervasive strategy with a meaningful long term impact and return on spend.

  9. On 18 April 2017, civic activist group Groundwork reported that 9 out of Durban’s 14 air quality measurement stations were not functional.

  10. Diesel particulate emissions and Heart Disease In a human experiment that simulated cycling through a city, a team at Edinburgh University, found that particles from the air had entered the lungs, passed through into the bloodstream and accumulated in the fatty areas inside blood vessels that are responsible for heart attack and strokes. This agrees with previous research showing that cardiovascular disease, of which stroke is a form, accounts for 80 per cent of the roughly 50,000 premature deaths from air pollution each year in the UK. Dr Mark Miller Centre for CardiovascularScience 26 April 2017 It isestimatedthatbetween 3 and 7 million people die from air pollution relatedillnessesgloballyeachyear.

  11. We do not inherit the Earth from our Ancestors. We borrow it from our children. – Old Indian proverb

  12. How should we respond? How should I respond?

  13. Elon Musk, BibopGresta, Dirk Albohn Hyperloop 1200 km/h in a vacuum tunnel powered by solar

  14. Nikola One Hydrogen fuel cell powered zero emissions truck

  15. Cristal Justin Michau Lohr Industrie (France) Fully electric modular semi-autonomous “Road Train”

  16. Isn’t this all too new, too futuristic ?? Are we ready for it?

  17. Electric trucks charging in London (1917)

  18. Corporate ResponseContinual Improvement Strategies – In search of low hanging fruit LOGISTICS is a learning organization. We are committed to understanding what we do on a fundamental level. We gather data, and study it for a deep understanding of what we do based on a systems approach. Continual Improvement Activities • Implemented RTMS (Better than 20% emissions reduction achieved) • Accredited to ISO 14001 and ISO 39001 (The first in RSA) • Advanced Tyre Management data with real time temperature and pressure via satellite • Volvo Radar Emergency braking system (First step toward autonomous vehicle) • Driver Incentive program for fuel and carbon emissions reduction • Trip fuel consumption monitoring via satellite with colour chart visualisation • KDG Driver Academy for continual driver training • Research into RTMS and efficiency optimisation • Research into low rolling resistance tyres

  19. Continual Improvement • In order to reduce our GHG impact, KDG Logistics has embarked on a GHG measurement campaign that tracks GHG monthly and aims at a long term reduction in our GHG per car km. In order to achieve this we have targeted a number of critical interventions: • Deeper engagement with Volvo around improved specification of trucks • New intelligent gearbox with optimized long distance strategy • Clutch on the compressor to disengage drive • Adaptive power steering • Aerodynamics options • Working with Adgero in France on their KERS concept vehicle • Improved in yard processes to improve tyre management • Better tyre choices and verification of benefits

  20. Alternative Technologies for CO2 Reduction in Road Transport New Fleet Vehicle Choices • Compressed Natural Gas Vehicles • Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles • Battery Electric Vehicles • Fuel Cell Electric vehicles Fleet Optimisation Choices • Business As Usual • Fleet management and driver behaviour • Vehicle modification

  21. Alternative Technologies for CO2 Reduction in Road Transport How do you choose? • Fit for purpose • Capital costs • Operating costs • CO2 emissions • Total Greenhouse gas emissions • Particulate emissions • Duty cycle • Range • Infrastructure

  22. In a perfect World…

  23. How do the new technologies compare? Let us look at a few options

  24. (HisashiIshitani - Total Efficiency Study Group JHFC)

  25. (HisashiIshitani - Total Efficiency Study Group JHFC)

  26. (HisashiIshitani - Total Efficiency Study Group JHFC)

  27. (HisashiIshitani - Total Efficiency Study Group JHFC)

  28. The average life span of a heavy duty vehicle is about 10 years. The new technologies are evolving rapidly, changing the options landscape constantly. With the emissions reduction targets looming (2020) there is a dire need globally to make immediate impacts in fleet emissions.

  29. Kinetic Energy Recovery Systems in road transport vehicles. Is it a viable retrofit option for fuel consumption and CO2 emissions reduction? Technology options for existing diesel engine vehicles

  30. KERS 101 What is a Kinetic Energy Recovery System (KERS)? It is a system that absorbs the energy normally wasted in braking a vehicle, and then utilizes the energy for propulsion when the vehicle needs to accelerate.

  31. KERS 101 KINETIC ENERGY RECOVERY SYSTEMS In 2009, Kinetic Energy Recovery Systems (KERS) rose to prominence due to use into Formula One motor racing. These systems captured and stored braking energy to provide an extra 60 kW of power on demand to the driver. This paved the way for a whole new source of automotive efficiency.

  32. KERS 101 There are a number of different types of KERS systems with the more popular being: • Electric regenerative systems • Hydraulic systems • Pneumatic systems • Flywheel systems

  33. Gyrobus(Switzerland 1950s) 60 km/h, 2 to 6 km range, 1,5t flywheel speed 3000rpm Recharge in 2 to 6 minutes depending on charge voltage

  34. Volvo has employed this technology in the “Flybrid” system in the Volvo S60 and claims fuel efficiency improvements of up to 25%.

  35. The Ricardo Review on Low Carbon Technologies in Heavy Goods Vehicles reported the following improvements in HD truck efficiency as achievable: • Low rolling resistance tyres 5% fuel efficiency improvement • Platooning 7-20% fuel reduction achievable dependant on speed • Driver training improves fuel consumption on average 10,1% (initially) • Engine efficiency through reduced friction and auxiliaries 4 – 7% • Waste heat recovery 6% • Transmission technologies 7% • Start/Stop systems 6% (urban cycle) • Electric Hybrid with KERS 15 – 30%, typically 20%

  36. Table 1: Potential for fuel consumption reduction through aggressive deployment of new technologies (Jackson, 2011)

  37. Table 2: Potential for Regenerative Energy in Road Transport (Smokers, R; Van Zyl, 2016)

  38. THE ADGERO SYSTEM Adgero, a start up based in Strasbourg, France has developed a KERS system for medium and heavy goods vehicles that is based on a YASA motor and Skeleton Ultra Capacitors. This system uses a proprietary control system and is designed as a retrofit package to an existing diesel engine vehicle, or as fitment to a semi-trailer.

  39. THE ADGERO SYSTEM

  40. THE ADGERO SYSTEM Underside of KERS semi trailer

  41. THE ADGERO SYSTEM Iveco 12t urban delivery vehicle

  42. THE ADGERO SYSTEM Layout diagram of Adgero KERS system in IVECO 12 ton rigid truck

  43. Skeleton Ultracapacitor energy storage module • Benefits of Skeleton ultracapacitors: • Lifespan of over 1 000 000 charge/discharge cycles • Operating temperature range of -40 °C to +70 °C • 30% more efficient than batteries • 60 times the power density of batteries • No harmful chemicals or toxic metals • Low maintenance requirements

  44. THEYasa motor

  45. INITIAL TRIALS Test vehicle: Iveco EUROCARGO 12 ton Urban delivery vehicleMission Profile: Urban DeliveryRoute: City centre Tallin, Estonia Adgero KERS system in IVECO 12t rigid truck

  46. EARLY RESULTSUrban delivery route in Tallin, Estonia Energy generation and utilisation in AdgeroKERS system in IVECO 12t rigid truck

  47. RECENT RESULTS • Test vehicle: Iveco EUROCARGO 12 ton Urban delivery vehicleMission Profile: Peri-urban Delivery • Route: Bruntingthorpe Proving Grounds 6km peri-urban simulation with 6 stops The 6km peri-urban simulation conducted on 10 April 2017, shows a best improvement in fuel consumption of 32.19% over non-KERS operation.

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