Entrepreneurship

1. Entrepreneurship Howard Van Auken, PhD Professor of Management Iowa State University Summer 2008

2. Overview of Course Module 1 Introduction and Business Start-Up Module 2 Global Entrepreneurship Module 3 Competing in the Market Module 4 Sources of Capital Module 5 Raising Capital Module 6 Launching the Firm

3. Module 1Topics Introduction to Entrepreneurship Definitions Importance Creativity and Innovation Failure Process Entrepreneurship Intensity

4. Module 1Introduction and Business Start-up Entrepreneurship is: Value-Producing Activity Individual Goal Process The at-risk organization is not prepared for the entrepreneurial age

5. Entrepreneurship Is Process of identifying and pursuing business opportunities Process of creating value by bringing together resources to exploit an opportunity Pursuit of opportunity without regard to resources controlled Set of critical thinking skills

6. Entrepreneurial Perspective Entrepreneurial is being opportunity-driven not resource-constrained Individual Organization Region/Country Government

7. Why Entrepreneurship? Key to economic development and growth Creates jobs, income, and wealth Source of new technology and products

8. Entrepreneurship Not about individual business stability Entrants, growth, displacements, failures create dynamic economy Starts and failures signs of economic health

9. The challenge… -to embed this process into the strategies, culture, structures, procedures, and jobs -this includes organizations (large/small, private/ non-profit/public sectors) and individuals

10. Five elements for entrepreneurship to happen… The environment 1 The entrepreneurial process The entrepreneur The organizational context The resources The concept

11. Entrepreneurial Orientation Proactiveness Innovativeness Risk-taking

12. Entrepreneurship as a Process Identify/Evaluation Idea Develop Plan Acquire Resources Launch Manage Exit/Harvest

13. Why Start a Business Independence Control Over One’s Life Personal Satisfaction Financial Rewards

14. Risk - Business Failure Financial Risk Career Risk Family/Social Personal

15. Small Firm Failure in US 25% within 2 years 52% within 4 years 63% within 6 years

16. Reasons for Failure Do Not Understand the Market Lack of Planning Lack of Managerial Skills Lack of Capital

17. Creativity and Innovation Creativity Process of generating new ideas Innovation Process of generating and applying new ideas

18. Source of New Ideas(Being Creative) Grace Ideas come from nowhere Accident Ideas arise by chance Personality Ideas a human trait of some Association Apply knowledge to new areas Cognition Action stimulates creativity

19. Obstacles to Creativity/Innovation Need for quick results Rigid rules Stress Routines Strong Beliefs Strong Ego Fear of criticism or failure

20. Improving Ability to Recognize Opportunities Stay healthy Carefully define the problem Exposure to new ideas Receptive to new ideas Continue learning

21. Innovation Myths Only small/new companies innovate Only need one great idea Need to stick to what we know Innovation is part-time Innovation is haphazard (just need luck) We know what our customers want Market knowledge is held by specialists

22. Creativity/Innovation and Society A more innovative society - Values learning - Strong cultural reinforcements (e.g. nurturing family environment) - Builds human capital - Highly specialized to master subfields

23. Intensity of Entrepreneurship Frequency of X InnovationX X X X X X X Degree of Innovation

24. Discussion

25. Assignment • Identify a broad market trend and/or societal change in Portugal What is the trend? What new business might be started? 2. Identify a problem that you experience as a consumer What is the problem? What new business might be started?