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Chapter 3

Chapter 3. Introduction to Basic Electrical Circuit Materials. Conductors. Pathways that allow electrons to flow through an electrical circuit. Materials for conductors: Copper (great conductor and fairly cheap) Brass (Strong and good conductor) Aluminum (cheap, light & good conductor)

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Chapter 3

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  1. Chapter 3 Introduction to Basic Electrical Circuit Materials

  2. Conductors • Pathways that allow electrons to flow through an electrical circuit. • Materials for conductors: • Copper (great conductor and fairly cheap) • Brass (Strong and good conductor) • Aluminum (cheap, light & good conductor) • Silver (awesome conductor, but expensive)

  3. Conductance • The conductivity of a material is given in siemens (S). 1 G = Resistance R

  4. Conductor Size • Cross sectional area • Determines how much current it can handle without overheating. • Circular conductors size – American Wire Gauge System – larger the number, the smaller the cross-sectional area. No. 14 is larger than No. 20 wire. • Circular Mil System (see next slide)

  5. Circular Mils • The cross sectional area of a conductor. • 1 mil = 1/1000th of an inch (0.001”) • Circular mils (cmil) = D2 [diameter squared] • Useful when expressing a conductor size other than r2. Such as rectangular.

  6. Insulation • Materials with few free electrons – does not conduct electrons well. • Keeps electrons harnessed. • Rubber • Plastic • Synthetics • Neoprene, Teflon, nylon, polyethylene • Codes – Page 54

  7. Types of conductors (pg. 54)

  8. Resistance in a Conductor • Four factors that effect the resistance of a conductor. • Cross-Sectional area • Type of material • Length of conductor • Temperature of material Aluminum Copper

  9. Safety • National Electric Code • Guidelines and regulations concerning lengths and gauge of wire as well as safety ratings of materials and conductors.

  10. Special Pathways • Breadboards • Printed Circuit Boards (PCB) • Chasis

  11. Circuit Devices • Switches – Control flow • Actuator – mechanical device that controls the opening and closing of the switch. • SPST – Single-pole (one path); single throw (one circuit)

  12. Connectors • Ring terminal • Insulated ring terminal • Flange terminal • Inline splice • Termination Block • Fork terminal • Stranded connector • Wire nut • Split bolt connector

  13. Circuit Protection Devices • Fuses • In line • Panel • Circuit Breakers

  14. Lighting • Incandescent Lamp • Current flowing through a tungsten filament gives off heat and light.

  15. Lighting • Halogen Lamp – Tungsten filament is inserted through a glass tube, which is filled with helium.

  16. Lighting • Discharge Lamps • Florescent lamp

  17. Lighting • Discharge lamps • Mercury Vapor

  18. Lighting • Discharge lamps • Neon lamp • Glow lamp • Strobe lamp

  19. Measure of light intensity • Candela - amount of light generated by one candle. • Lumen – term used to measure the amount of light generated by lighting systems. • 1 candela = 12.57 lumens (1’ from center)

  20. Resistors Resistor is a device used to create desirable voltage drops and limit current values in electrical circuits.

  21. Resistors • Carbon composition • Thin film • Film • Chip resistors • Wire wound • Metal oxide

  22. Resistors • Adjustable (wire wound) resistor • Variable • Potentiometer

  23. Resistors • Thermisters – changes resistance values as temperature changes.

  24. Resistor Color Code

  25. Tools

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