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Kinetic Molecular Theory

Kinetic Molecular Theory. 1. Matter is made up of particles. The particles are always moving. Temperature is a measure of particle movement. 3. The particles are attracted to each other. 1. The attraction between particles causes the

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Kinetic Molecular Theory

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  1. Kinetic Molecular Theory 1. Matter is made up of particles. • The particles are always moving. • Temperature is a measure of particle • movement. 3. The particles are attracted to each other

  2. 1. The attraction between particles causes the formation of organized structure in matter - the basis of solids and liquids. Stronger attraction between particles increases the probability of solids and liquids. • The movement of particles tends to break up organized structure in matter. • Higher temperatures tend to increase the • probability of liquids and gases

  3. Different Types of Interparticle Attraction Ionic bonds – attraction between positive and negative ions. Depends on the charge differential and size of the ions

  4. Different Types of Interparticle Attraction Intermolecular Forces (IMF) Attractions between molecules 1. Hydrogen Bonding Attraction between a polar hydrogen of one molecule and the negative partial charge of another molecule.

  5. Note the difference between the covalent bond between hydrogen and oxygen (solid connections) and the hydrogen bonding between the hydrogens of one molecule and the oxygens of a second molecule. A. Hydrogen Oxygen Covalent Bond = 463 kJ/mol B. Hydrogen Bonding  25 kJ/mol

  6. Different Types of Interparticle Attraction Intermolecular Forces (IMF) 2. Dipole-dipole forces Attraction between the partially positive side of a polar molecule and the partially negative side of due a second molecule.

  7. Different Types of Interparticle Attraction Intermolecular Forces (IMF) 3. London Dispersion Forces (LDF) Attraction between nonpolar molecules due to transitory partial charges resulting from an imbalance in electron distribution. The probability of an imbalance increases with increased numbers of electrons.

  8. Transitory imbalances in electron distribution and the resulting formation of transitory dipoles

  9. Ranking of the Different Types of Interparticle Attraction from Strongest to Weakest. 1. Ionic Bonds 2. Hydrogen Bonding 3. Dipole-Dipole 4. London Dispersion Force

  10. Compounds can be classified on the basis of their Most Significant Interparticle Attraction 1. Hydrochloric acid Hydrochloric acid has a polar bond with a hydrogen. Since it is linear, it is also a polar molecule. Hydrogen bonding is the most significant interparticle attraction. 2. Methane CH4 has no polar bonds so the molecule is nonpolar. LDF are the most significant interparticle attraction.

  11. Compounds can be classified on the basis of their Most Significant Interparticle Attraction 3. Sulfur dioxide SO2 has two polar bonds and a bent structure. It is a polar molecule but has not polar hydrogens. Dipole-dipole forces are the most significant interparticle attraction. 4. Carbon dioxide CO2 has two polar bonds but the structure is linear and the bond are symmetrical. The molecule is nonpolar. LDF are the most significant interparticle attraction.

  12. Special Types of Interparticle Attraction Metallic Bonding Metal atoms bonded together by a sea of moving delocalized electrons. Accounts for metals’ high melting and boiling point, malleability and ability to conduct electricity

  13. Special Types of Interparticle Attraction Covalent Network Atoms held together by a network of highly structured covalent bonds. Examples include carbon (diamond and graphite) and silicon (silicon oxide (quartz).

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