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Once and Future Metasearching. Roy Tennant California Digital Library. The Problem. Most users want to find everything useful with one search But our systems require them to know: How to select one or more databases How to get to them How to use the unique search options for each
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Once and Future Metasearching Roy Tennant California Digital Library
The Problem • Most users want to find everything useful with one search • But our systems require them to know: • How to select one or more databases • How to get to them • How to use the unique search options for each • How can we create systems that minimize what the user needs to know to get what they want?
The Metasearch Solution • Just-in-time searching of multiple sources • Also called cross-database searching • Federated searching: just-in-case • Metasearching is far from perfect • It is only one tool among many • It does not replace searching individual databases for some users and purposes
Content Discovery Principles* • Only librarians like to search, everyone else prefers to find • One place to search is better than two or more • “Good enough” is just that • What is not searched is as important as what is • If you can’t centralize metadata, centralize searching * First hit of Google search: “digital library integration principles”
The State of Metasearch: Overview • Many database vendors still do not support a search protocol • Software still in early stages • Market still in upheaval • Most libraries still learning from early implementations • Google, Microsoft now big players
The State of Metasearch: The Landscape Elsevier Google California DigitalLibrary Publishers Indexers/Aggregators Portal Providers Libraries Software Vendors Users
The State of Metasearch:The Tyranny of Numbers • Number of resources being searched • Number of results being returned by each resource • Number of simultaneous users X * Y * Z = potential disaster!
First Generation • Out-of-the-box interface with minimal customization • “One-stop-shopping” model • “Shotgun” searching • No added-value services for specific clientele or purposes (e.g., UMNs Assignment Calculator)
2nd Generation • Using the metasearch application as a service, not a destination • Creating search tools tailored to specific audiences and/or purposes • Highly tailored interface • Better integration with other systems and services
XML Metalib Databases http Your Application * Slide courtesy of David Walker, CSU San Marcos
Third Generation • As many resources locally integrated as possible • More resources available via API • One-stop shopping — system organizes itself around user’s query • Useful ranking • Post-search clustering and enhanced browsing
$30 from SpringerLink $40 from Ingenta Not available except by person account or site license $30 from SpringerLink FREE
A Brief History of Finding Info • 30 years ago: only print, very difficult and time consuming • 20 years ago: arcane, mediated online searching of many commercial DBs, CD-ROMs • 10 years ago: unmediated online searching of many commercial DBs • 1 year ago: easy, unmediated online searching of one free source • Tomorrow?
In Summary • Metasearching (both library and commercial) still primitive • But… quickly improving • Soon (if not already) databases will be irrelevant from the user’s perspective • We no longer control access to information (there are huge players in this space) • Either we get good in the finding game, or we get gone
Implications for Instruction • We live in an age where even idiots can find good stuff! • So on what should we focus?
Implications for Instruction • Stop teaching mechanics and databases as soon as possible • Work on building systems and tools that don’t require instruction to use • Focus on fostering critical information skills • Craft key messages and deliver them consistently and ubiquitously across the library