1 / 20

The Heart

The Heart. The Cardiovascular System. Heart Chambers. Atria – two upper chambers (receiving); R & L Ventricles – two lower chambers (discharging); R & L Myocardium – muscle tissue (middle) Endocardium – lining of heart chambers (inner)

jersey
Download Presentation

The Heart

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. The Heart The Cardiovascular System

  2. Heart Chambers • Atria – two upper chambers (receiving); R & L • Ventricles – two lower chambers (discharging); R & L • Myocardium – muscle tissue (middle) • Endocardium – lining of heart chambers (inner) • Epicardium – outer covering of heart tissue (outer); also called pericardium

  3. Heart Valves • Tricuspid – opening of right atrium into ventricle • Bicuspid (mitral) – opening of left atrium into ventricle • Pulmonary semilunar – beginning of pulmonary artery • Aortic semilunar – beginning of aorta

  4. Blood Flow • Venous blood enters the right atrium through superior/inferior vena cava • From right atrium through tricuspid valve to right ventricle • From right ventricle through pulmonary semilunar valve to pulmonary artery to lungs • Blood from lungs to left atrium, through bicuspid valve to left ventricle • Pumped through the aortic semilunar valve into aorta and distributed to body

  5. Heartbeat • Cardiac cycle: • Contraction called systole • Relaxation called diastole • 72 beats per minute • Each cycle 0.8 seconds long • Cardiac output is 5 L per minute per ventricle

  6. Heart Sounds • “Lub-dup” • First sound (lub) caused by vibration and closure of av valves during contraction of ventricles • Second sound (dup) caused by closure of semilunar valves during relaxation of ventricles • http://depts.washington.edu/physdx/heart/demo.html

  7. Combining Forms • Aort/o - aorta • Atri/o - atrium • Cardi/o - heart • Valv/o, valvul/o - valve • Ventricul/o - ventricle • Ech/o - sound • Electr/o – electrical activity

  8. Prefixes • Brady- = slow

  9. Suffixes • -ac = pertaining to • -apheresis = removal • -graph = instrument used to record; record • -odynia = pain • -penia = abnormal reduction in number • -poiesis = formation • -sclerosis = hardening

  10. Disease/disorder Terms (NBFWP) • Angina pectoris – chest pain occurring when there is insufficient blood supply to heart • Arrhythmia – abnormality of hearts normal rhythmic pattern • Atrial fibrillation – rapid electrical impulses from the atria • Cardiac arrest – cessation of cardiac output and circulation

  11. Disease/disorder Terms (NBFWP) • Congestive heart failure – inability of heart to pump enough blood through body to supply tissues and organs with nutrients and oxygen • Mitral valve stenosis – narrowing of mitral valve from scarring • Myocardial infarction – death of a portion of the myocardium (aka. Heart attack) • Rheumatic heart disease – damage to the muscle or valves caused by rheumatic fever

  12. Surgical Terms (NBFWP) • Atrial fibrillation ablation – procedure in which abnormal cells that trigger a-fib are destroyed by radio waves • Cardiac pacemaker – battery powered to shock heart into normal rhythym

  13. Diagnostic Terms (NBFWP) • Transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) – ultrasound examining cardiac function by using probe inserted in esophagus

  14. Laboratory Tests • C-reactive protein – elevation = inflammation in body • Creatinine phosphokinase – used to identify myocardial infarction • Homocystine – measures increased risk of cardiovascular disease • Lipid profile – measure amount of lipids in blood • Troponin – diagnose myocardial infarction (from necrosis of heart tissues)

  15. Complementary Terms • Cardiopulmonary resuscitation – artificial ventilation and external cardiac massage • Defibrillation – application of electric shock through chest wall to restore normal cardiac rhythm • Fibrillation – rapid, contraction in the atria and ventricles • Heart murmur – humming sound of cardiac or vascular origin

More Related