University-Based Nuclear Education and R&D

1. University-Based Nuclear Education and R&D Dr. Bill Garland garlandw@mcmaster.ca Exec. Dir, of UNENE www.unene.ca Acad. Dir. of CANTEACH http://canteach.candu.org Prof. of Nuc. Eng., McMaster Univ. www.nuceng.ca University-Based Nuclear Ed and R&D

2. Presentation Objective • Background: • Nuclear in Canada • Very brief intro to nuclear reactors • Identify research and educational • Areas • Initiatives University-Based Nuclear Ed and R&D

3. Introduction - a reality check • We are here. Let’s make the best it. • Quality of life requires energy. • Nuclear power is the only existing option that transcends the limitations of nonrenewable alternatives and renewable alternatives. • We conclude, then, that nuclear should be part of the energy mix now and in the future… • …that is, we have a functional requirement for nuclear energy. University-Based Nuclear Ed and R&D

4. Fission • To make sense of nuclear reactor design in general, and CANDU design in particular, the reader needs to have some familiarity with a few key nuclear concepts and phenomena. • In a nutshell, slow neutrons (called thermal neutrons) can initiate a fission of uranium 235 (U-235), an isotope of uranium that occurs in nature. University-Based Nuclear Ed and R&D

5. Fast vs. slow neutrons • Natural uranium that is mined from the ground is 0.7% U-235 and 99.3% U-238. • The result of fission is fission products that are radioactive, radiation, fast (or energetic) neutrons and heat. • The fast neutrons have a low probability of inducing further fissions, and hence have a low probability of generating more neutrons and thus sustaining a chain reaction. University-Based Nuclear Ed and R&D

6. Cross sections • Fission is more likely if neutron energy is low. University-Based Nuclear Ed and R&D

7. Basic functional requirements We need: • a fuel such as U-235 • a moderator to thermalize (i.e., slow down) the fast neutrons • a coolant to remove the heat • a control system to control the number of neutrons • a shielding system to protect equipment and people from radiation • a system that pulls all this together into a workable device. University-Based Nuclear Ed and R&D

8. University-Based Nuclear Ed and R&D

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10. The system that pulls it all together • We pull together the various requirements related to • fuel, • moderation, • cooling, • control and • shielding • Layered, defense-in-depth approach wherein the radioactive fission products are kept from the environment. • Designing a nuclear plant is not a trivial exercise. There are many systems and sub-systems that interact. University-Based Nuclear Ed and R&D

11. Canadian Initiatives • In Canada, we have these uncoordinated nuclear elements: • CANTEACH – an open CANDU document repository (2001) • UNENE – a nuclear centre of excellence (2002) • NUCENG – an university based portal and repository (1998) • CNS – a society of nuclear individuals (conferences, bulletin, …) (1979) • COG – an industrial consortium of operators and designers (1984). Sponsors CANTEACH and member of UNENE • OCI - provides a forum for exchange of information related to technical and quality issues with particular regard to the potential impact of such issues on the supply base for its members' products and services. • Nuclear Canada portal – a wiki based portal to the Canadian Nuclear Enterprise. University-Based Nuclear Ed and R&D

12. Existing Networks • UNENE – University Network of Excellence in Nuclear Engineering, Canada (2002) • WNU - World Nuclear University (2003) • ENEN - European Nuclear Education Network (2003) • ANENT - Asian Network for Education in Nuclear Technology (2004) • NTEC - Nuclear Technology Education Consortium (UK) (2005) • RANSE - Russian Association of Nuclear Science and Education (2005) University-Based Nuclear Ed and R&D

13. What is UNENE? • UNENE = University Network of Excellence in Nuclear Engineering • UNENE is an industry driven alliance of prominent Canadian universities and nuclear industry University-Based Nuclear Ed and R&D

14. UNENE has three distinct objectives: • Enhance the supply of highly qualified graduates in nuclear engineering and technology. • Reinvigorate university-based research and development in nuclear engineering and technology focusing primarily on mid to longer term research. • Create a group of respected, university-based, nuclear experts for public and industry consultation. University-Based Nuclear Ed and R&D

15. Current Industry Membership • Ontario Power Generation (OPG) • Bruce Power (BP) • Atomic Energy of Canada Limited (AECL) • CANDU Owners Group (COG) • Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (CNSC) • Nuclear Safety Solutions (NSS) University-Based Nuclear Ed and R&D

16. University Members • McMaster University • Queen’s University • University of Toronto • University of Waterloo • University of Western Ontario • University of Ontario Institute of Technology • Ecole Polytechnique • University of New Brunswick • Royal Military College • University of Guelph University-Based Nuclear Ed and R&D

17. First Phase Funding • Cash Funding (first phase) Industry: $ 7.8 M Universities: $ 0.81 M NSERC: $ 7.12 M (estimated) (Not including other nuclear research chairs and programs) • Other In-kind Support: Industry and Universities: $4.97M Total impact ≥$20.7M University-Based Nuclear Ed and R&D

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19. University Research Areas • McMaster: Nuclear Safety Analyses and Thermal Hydraulics (Dr. John Luxat, Associate Chair Dr. Dave Novog) more • Queen’s: Advanced Nuclear Materials (Dr. Rick Holt, Associate Chair Dr. M. Daymond) more • Toronto: Nano-Engineering of Alloys (Dr. Roger Newman + Associate Chair) more • Waterloo: Risk-based Life Cycle Management (Dr. Mahesh Pandey + Associate Chair) more • Western: Control, Instrumentation and Electrical Systems: (Dr. Jin Jiang + Associate Chair) more Nuclear Chemistry (Dr. David Shoesmithmore / Clara Wrenmore) • UOIT: Health Physics and Environmental Safety (Application under preparation) (Dr. Tony Waker, Associate Chair Dr. Ed Waller) more • Ecole Polytechnique: (Dr. Daniel Rozon, Dr. Michel Pettigrew) • New Brunswick: Chemistry and Corrosion (Dr. Derek Lister) • Royal Military College: Nuclear Fuels (Dr. Brent Lewis under preparation) more University-Based Nuclear Ed and R&D

20. Other Research • About 11, 3 year projects, proposed by existing university faculty from any Canadian university will be funded at approx. $90,000 each from UNENE and these funds will be matched by NSERC through Collaborative Research and Development grants. • Dr. Marilyn Lightstone, McMaster University more • Dr. Peter Tremain, Guelph University more • Dr. Lynann Clapham, Queen’s University more • In addition to research output these projects will support Masters and Ph.D. graduate students. University-Based Nuclear Ed and R&D

21. Educational Programs • Professional Development: Joint M. Eng. Degree in Nuclear Engineering has been accredited by OCGS. Currently about 25-30 students are active. The program is delivered by faculty from UNENE universities.10-12 graduates are expected each year. • Full-time studies: New and continuing professors, supported by UNENE, supervise research based Masters and Doctoral students. Approx. 90 Masters, 30 Doctoral and 15 Post Doctoral people will be trained in the first phase. Currently 10 doctoral, 16 masters and 10 postdoctoral candidates are registered. University-Based Nuclear Ed and R&D

22. UNENE Web Site Tour www.unene.ca University-Based Nuclear Ed and R&D

23. CANTEACH Web Site Tour http://canteach.candu.org University-Based Nuclear Ed and R&D

24. NucEng Web Site Tour www.nuceng.ca University-Based Nuclear Ed and R&D

25. CNS Web Site Tour http://www.cns-snc.ca University-Based Nuclear Ed and R&D

26. COG Web Site Tour www.candu.org University-Based Nuclear Ed and R&D

27. OCI – Organization of CANDU Industrieshttp://www.oci-aic.org/ University-Based Nuclear Ed and R&D

28. Nuclear Canada Portalwww.nuclearcanada.ca University-Based Nuclear Ed and R&D

29. Questions? Dr. Bill Garland garlandw@mcmaster.ca Exec. Dir, of UNENE www.unene.ca Acad. Dir. of CANTEACH http://canteach.candu.org Prof. of Nuc. Eng., McMaster Univ. www.nuceng.ca University-Based Nuclear Ed and R&D