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COMMUNIST TAKE POWER IN CHINA

COMMUNIST TAKE POWER IN CHINA. Kuomintang Power. 1911 – Sun Yixian (Chinese Nationalist Movement) overthrows last emperor (Pu Yi). Nationalist Theme - “Three Principles of the People”. 1. an end to foreign control 2. people’s rights- democracy

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COMMUNIST TAKE POWER IN CHINA

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  1. COMMUNIST TAKE POWER IN CHINA

  2. Kuomintang Power • 1911 – Sun Yixian (Chinese Nationalist Movement) overthrows last emperor (Pu Yi)

  3. Nationalist Theme - “Three Principles of the People” • 1. an end to foreign control • 2. people’s rights- democracy • 3. people’s livelihood- economic security for all Chinese “The Chinese people…do not have national spirit. Therefore, even though we have 4 million people gathered together in one China, in reality, they are just a heap of sand.” –Sun Yixian

  4. WWI – Allied Involvement • China was on the Allied side against Germany in WWI • China hoped to regain lost lands from Germany (Germany had colonized parts of China) • Instead, Japan occupied “Chinese territory” previously occupied by Germany. • This enrages many Chinese youth against Japan. • Throughout 1915-1916, German efforts to negotiate a separate peace with Japan failed. • On 3 July 1916, Japan and Russia signed a treaty (to protect each other, among other items) This treaty helped further secure Japan's “ownership” in Manchuria and Inner Mongolia.

  5. Betrayal • 1917 China declares war on Germany hoping for an Allied victory. • At end of WWI, German territories given to Japan – not China • 1917 Russian Revolution occurs • Russia begins to help China establish itself as a unified country. (looking to establish allies in the area) • A military school is established, and Chiang Kai-Shek emerges as a top military leader

  6. Meanwhile….An Unlikely Alliance is created • In a hope for common action the Nationalists (Kuomintang) turn to the Communists. • Both groups had common goals • China freed from foreign control • Strong and United China • 1921 Mao Zedong… • Communist Theory • Private ownership of property is abolished • People own land, factories, transportation and communication • Abolish social division and class based on wealth

  7. Death, & a Sharp Right Turn • Sun (previous Nationalist leader) died in ’25, Chiang Kai-Shek becomes the new leader. • Beliefs • Eliminate warlord control of China • Remove foreign domination of China (Same as Mao)

  8. The Shanghai Massacre, 1927 • As Europe leaves, Chiang consolidates power. • 1st step eliminate the war lords who are fracturing the country into small • Moves to be the sole unquestioned leader of China • Distrust for Communist begins. • Chiang felt Communists were trying to control China 34 warlords eliminated, and finally communists are targeted

  9. Chiang Kai-Shek • Had promised democracy and political rights to all Chinese • Yet his government became steadily less democratic and more corrupt • Peasants believed that Chiang was doing little to help them, so they begin to support communism and Mao

  10. Nationalist split with Communist • A major split between the Nationalists and Communists occurred in 1927; and, under Chiang's leadership, the Nationalists fought a nation-wide civil war against the Communists. • Chiang confiscated the wealth of capitalists even while he denounced and fought against communists. Chiang crushed pro-communist worker and peasant organizations and rich Shanghai capitalists at the same time. • Chiang continued Dr. Sun Yat-sen's anti capitalist ideology, directing Kuomintang media to openly attack capitalists and capitalism, demanding government controlled industry instead. (more aligned with Socialism)

  11. The Nationalists Distracted • Japan had watched the power struggle in China and decided to launch an invasion • Japanese invasion of Manchuria (northern China) combined with Depression allow Mao to rest & survive. • This would force a temporary and uneasy truce between Mao and Chiang’s forces to fight against Japan Japan attacking

  12. Japan invades • Despite some early cooperative military successes against Japan, by the time that the Japanese surrendered in 1945 neither the CPC nor the KMT trusted each other or were actively cooperating. • After American-sponsored attempts to negotiate a coalition government failed in 1946, the Chinese Civil War resumed. • The CPC defeated the Nationalists in 1949, forcing Chiang's government to retreat to Taiwan, where Chiang imposed martial law and persecuted people critical of his rule in a period known as the "White Terror.” • After evacuating to Taiwan, Chiang's government continued to declare its intention to retake mainland China. • Chiang ruled the island securely as President of the Republic of China and General of the Kuomintang until his death in 1975.

  13. Chinese and Soviets sign Treaty of Friendship in 1950 U.S. viewed this as another step in Communist campaign to conquer the world U.S. Anti-Communist feelings

  14. Taiwan= Nationalist China -U.S. aided Mainland=People’s Republic of China -Soviet Union aided China divided PRC= People’s Republic of China ROC= Republic of China

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