PHASE EQUILIBRIA

1. PHASE EQUILIBRIA

2. Ternary Systems • Types: • (Liquid –Vapor) ternary systems • (Liquid – Solid ) ternary systems

3. Section 12 Today’s Topic : • The Three component system , L-V type • Degree of freedom analysis • How to determine compositions ? • The phase diagram • Isothermal section • Dew and bubble point calculations

4. Ternary Systems • Applications of ternary systems: • Steel Industry • Refractories • Ceramics • Distillation • Liquid - Liquid Extraction • Leaching • Tea !!!

5. Ternary Systems • Degree of Freedom Analysis: • F = C – P + 2 – r • = 3 – P + 2 -1 [ Isobaric diagrams] • F = 4 - P

6. Ternary Systems • Degree of Freedom Analysis: • Fmax= 3 • These 3 independent variables are : T , x1 , x2

7. Three component system • Method of representation : • Use the Composition triangle

8. Three component system

9. Three component system 1 – Any vertex represent a one component system.

10. Three component system 2 – Any side represent a two component system

11. Three component system 3 – Any point inside the triangle represent a ternary system

12. 4 – Any parallel line to a side of the triangle , represents a locus of constant percentage of the third component

13. In this figure: • We have a line parallel to the side BC • Then , it contains a fixed percentage of A ( 30% ) • This line is a locus for all of the mixtures containing 30 % A

14. In this figure: • We have a line parallel to the side AB • Then , it contains a fixed percentage of C ( 30% ) • This line is a locus for all of the mixtures containing 30 % C

15. Three component system 5 – Any point inside the triangle can be located knowing two compositions only.

16. Locate the mixture of the following composition : 30% A & 50 % B

17. Locate the mixture of the following composition : 30% A & 50 % B

18. Locate the mixture of the following composition : 30% A & 50 % B

19. Liquid Vapor Equilibrium in Ternary systems • The Binary Diagram : • Assumptions: • Total liquid solubility • Ideal system

20. Liquid Vapor Equilibrium in Ternary systems • The Binary Diagram : • Assumptions: • Total liquid solubility • Ideal system

21. Liquid Vapor Equilibrium in Ternary systems

22. Liquid Vapor Equilibrium in Ternary systems

23. Liquid Vapor Equilibrium in Ternary systems • Comparing binary and ternary diagram: • Vaporous curve vsVaporous Surface • Liquidus line vsVaporous Surface

24. Liquid Vapor Equilibrium in Ternary systems

25. Vaporous Surface

26. Liquid Vapor Equilibrium in Ternary systems

27. Liquid Vapor Equilibrium in Ternary systems

28. Liquid Vapor Equilibrium in Ternary systems

29. Liquid Vapor Equilibrium in Ternary systems • Comparing binary and ternary diagram: 1.Phases got on cooling : • V • L+V • L

30. Liquid Vapor Equilibrium in Ternary systems

31. Liquid Vapor Equilibrium in Ternary systems • Comparing binary and ternary diagram: 1.Phases got on cooling : • V • L+V • L

32. Comparing binary and ternary diagrams: 2.Method to get composition and amounts: In binary system : • Draw a tie line then use lever arm principle In Ternary system: • The first step is to draw the “ ISOTHERMAL SECTION”

35. L L + V V

38. L L L + V V L +V V

39. Liquid Vapor Equilibrium in Ternary systems • How to draw a tie line : • Lever Arm Principle: