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Autonomic and Somatic Nervous System

Autonomic and Somatic Nervous System. Nervous System. CNS. PNS. Brain Spinal Cord. Autonomic NS. Somatic NS. Sympathetic. Parasympathetic. Autonomic Nerves: 2 divisions. Sympathetic - thoracolumbar exits from thoracic and lumbar regions Parasympathetic - craniosacral

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Autonomic and Somatic Nervous System

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  1. Autonomic and Somatic Nervous System

  2. Nervous System CNS PNS Brain Spinal Cord Autonomic NS Somatic NS Sympathetic Parasympathetic

  3. Autonomic Nerves: 2 divisions Sympathetic - thoracolumbar • exits from thoracic and lumbar regions Parasympathetic - craniosacral • exits from cranial and sacral areas

  4. CNS C T L S SM

  5. Neurotransmitters of the Autonomic Nervous System Ach- Acetylcholine NE - Norepinephrine

  6. Cholinergic Receptors ACh nicotinic muscarinic (N) (M)

  7. Cholinergic Receptors ACh nicotinic muscarinic (N) (M)

  8. Adrenergic Receptors NE 1, 2, 1

  9. CNS ACh C ACh T ACh L S ACh SM

  10. CNS ACh C M N ACh T ACh N L S ACh SM N

  11. CNS ACh C M N ACh T ACh NE N L NE S ACh SM N

  12. CNS ACh C M N ACh T ACh 1 NE N L NE 1 2 S ACh SM N

  13. CNS ACh C M N ACh T ACh 1 NE N L NE 1 N EPI ACh 2 S ACh SM N

  14. Adrenergic Receptors 1, 2, 1, 2 EPI 1, 2, 1 NE

  15. CNS ACh C M N ACh T ACh 1 NE N L NE ACh 1 N SG ACh M 2 S ACh SM N

  16. Differences between autonomic and somatic nerves Autonomic: - Innervates all organs/glands except skeletal muscle - Synapses located in ganglions outside cerebrospinal axis - Extensive peripheral plexuses - Postganglionic nerves are not myelinated - Some level of spontaneous activity without intact innervation Somatic: - Innervates only skeletal muscle - Synapses within CNS - Does not form peripheral plexuses - myelinated - Denervation results in paralysis, atrophy

  17. Differences between functions of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system Parasympathetic: - Conservation of energy - Urine output increased - Bradycardia - Salivation increased - Respiration reduced - Vasodilator predominance - Blood pressure reduced - GI motility and secretions increased - Renal blood flow increased Sympathetic: - Expenditure of energy - Urine output decreased - Tachycardia - Salivation reduced - Vasoconstrictor predominance - Respiration increased - GI motility and secretions reduced - Blood pressure increased - Renal blood flow decreased

  18. Opposing actions of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system Ach M HR NE b1

  19. Opposing actions of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system - ( ) a 2 Ach M NE GI motility

  20. Opposing actions of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system

  21. Opposing actions of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system Iris sphincter muscle: Parasympathetic (miosis) Iris dilator muscle: Sympathetic (mydriasis)

  22. Ciliary muscle: sole parasympathetic innervation controlling accommodation Ciliary muscles: Only parasympathetic innervation • Changes during short distance accommodation • A) contraction of ciliary muscles (M3) • approximation of ciliary muscles to lens • relaxation of suspensory ligament • increased curvature of anterior surface of lens (i.e., spherical) for near vision focus. Relaxation of ciliary muscles causes flattening of the lens for near and far vision focus

  23. Synergistic actions of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system

  24. 5 key steps in neurotransmission - Synthesis - Recognition Neurotransmitter: - Storage - Metabolism - Release

  25. PRESYNAPTIC POSTSYNAPTIC Metabolic Removal Re-uptake 1 E S & S Action NT R Receptor Binding

  26. EFFECTS OF STIMULATING MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS (SLUDE) SITEEFFECT HEART BRADYCARDIA VASCULATURE VASODILATION BRONCHOSPASM AIRWAYS IRIS MIOSIS BLADDER INCREASED URINATION GI TRACT INCREASED GI MOTILITY INCREASED SALIVATION SALIVARY GLANDS INCREASED TEARS LACRIMAL GLANDS SWEAT GLANDS INCREASED SWEATNG

  27. EFFECTS OF STIMULATING ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS contractile force heart rate 1 vasodilation, TPR 2 vasoconstriction TPR 1, 2

  28. EFFECTS OF STIMULATING ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS SITEEFFECT HEART TACHYCARDIA (1) VASODILATION VASOCONSTRICTION VASCULATURE (1,  2) (2) BRONCHORELAXATION (2) AIRWAYS IRIS MYDRIASIS (2) BLADDER DECREASED URINATION (2) GI TRACT DECREASED GI MOTILITY (2) UTERUS RELAXATION (2)

  29. Dual Innervation  Exceptions - blood vessels (only sympathetic) Predominant Tone Primarily parasympathetic NS  Exceptions - blood vessels (sympathetic) - sweat glands (sympathetic cholinergic)

  30. Predominate Autonomic Tone Site Predominate Tone Arterioles Sympathetic (adrenergic) Veins Sympathetic (adrenergic) Heart Parasympathetic (cholinergic) Iris Parasympathetic (cholinergic) Ciliary muscle Parasympathetic (cholinergic) GI tract Parasympathetic (cholinergic) Urinary bladder Parasympathetic (cholinergic) Salivary glands Parasympathetic (cholinergic) Sweat glands Sympathetic (cholinergic)

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