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Psychological Therapies

Psychological Therapies. Jamo Manahan Trasporte. EFFECTIVENESS. Does psychotherapy really work?. 1950’s Hans Eysenck people who underwent psychotherapy did not recover at a higher rate than people who did not passage of time could account for all recovery. EFFECTIVENESS.

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Psychological Therapies

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  1. Psychological Therapies Jamo Manahan Trasporte.

  2. EFFECTIVENESS Does psychotherapy really work? • 1950’s • Hans Eysenck • people who underwent psychotherapy did not recover at a higher rate than people who did not • passage of time could account for all recovery

  3. EFFECTIVENESS Problems with Effectiveness • experimenter bias • inaccuracies of self-report information • placebo-effect expectations

  4. EFFECTIVENESS Facts & Figures • An estimated 75-90% of people feel that psychotherapy has helped them • The longer the person stays in therapy, the greater the improvement • Some psychotherapies are more effective for certain types of disorders

  5. EFFECTIVENESS Effective Psychotherapy • Common Factors Approach • focuses on factors common to successful outcomes from different forms of therapy

  6. EFFECTIVENESS Effective Psychotherapy • Common Factors Approach • Therapeutic Alliance • warm, caring, accepting relationship between client and therapist • characterized by empathy, mutual respect and understanding

  7. EFFECTIVENESS Effective Psychotherapy • Common Factors Approach • Protected Setting • space to release emotions and reveal private thoughts and concerns • should help understand why they feel the way they do and provide ways to feel better

  8. EFFECTIVENESS Effective Psychotherapy Common Factors Approach Opportunity for Catharsis Learning and Practice of New Behavior Positive Experiences

  9. EFFECTIVENESS Cultural, Ethnic & Gender Concerns Culture-bound values Class-bound values Language Non-verbal communication

  10. EFFECTIVENESS Therapy in the Computer Age • Cybertherapy • psychotherapy offered on the Internet • practiced by cybertherapists

  11. EFFECTIVENESS Effective Psychotherapy • Cybertherapy • Advantages • cheaper (even free) alternative • better accessibility • access to support groups online relative anonymity

  12. EFFECTIVENESS Effective Psychotherapy • Cybertherapy • Disdvantages • common Internet dangers • no guarantee of credentials • therapist has no access to facial expressions, vocal tones, body language, etc.

  13. BIOMEDICAL THERAPIES Categories Drug Therapies Shock Therapy Drug Treatments

  14. BIOMEDICAL THERAPIES Psychopharmocology • Antipsychotic Drugs • used to treat psychotic symptoms • hallucinations, delusions, bizarre behavior

  15. BIOMEDICAL THERAPIES Psychopharmocology • Antipsychotic Drugs • typical neuroleptics • atypical neuroleptics • partial dopamine agonists • neuroleptic • neuroleptique (French) • “to have an effect on neurons”

  16. BIOMEDICAL THERAPIES Psychopharmocology • Antianxiety Drugs • used to treat and calm anxiety reactions • typically minor tranquilizers or benzodiazepines • Xanax, Atium, Valium

  17. BIOMEDICAL THERAPIES Psychopharmocology • Antimanic Drugs • Lithium • popular treatment before for bipolar disorder • evens out the highs and the lows • associated with weight gain • Anticonvulsant Drugs • also used for mania • normally used to treat seizure disorders • as effective in controlling mood swings

  18. BIOMEDICAL THERAPIES Psychopharmocology • Antidepressant Drugs • MonamineOxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) • blocks the activity of the enzyme, monamineoxidase • Marplan, Nardil, Parnate • side effects: weight gain, dizziness, constipation, dry mouth, sexual arousal, headache, drowsiness or insomnia

  19. BIOMEDICAL THERAPIES Psychopharmocology • Antidepressant Drugs • Tricyclic Antidepressants • molecular structure: three rings • increase the activity of serotonin and norepinephrine • Nopramin, Pertofrane, Tofranil, Elavil, Sinequan, Adapin • side effects: weight loss, skin rash, blurred vision, lowered blood pressure

  20. BIOMEDICAL THERAPIES Psychopharmocology • Antidepressant Drugs • Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) • drugs that inhibit the reuptake of serotonin • safer than the first two, fewer side effects • Prozac, Zoloft, Paxil

  21. BIOMEDICAL THERAPIES Electroconvulsive Therapy • Electroconvulsive Therapy • used to treat severe depression • electrodes are placed on either one or both sides of a person’s head and an electric current is passed through the electrodes that is strong enough to cause a seizure or convulsion

  22. BIOMEDICAL THERAPIES Psychosurgery • Psychosurgery • surgery performed on brain tissue to relieve or control severe psychological disorders • involves cutting into the brain to remove or destroy brain tissue

  23. BIOMEDICAL THERAPIES Psychosurgery Psychosurgery Prefrontal Lobotomy Bilateral Anterior Cingulotomy

  24. BIOMEDICAL THERAPIES Emerging Techniques • Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) • magnetic pulses applied to cortex • for PTSD and depression

  25. BIOMEDICAL THERAPIES Emerging Techniques • Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) • uses scalp electrodes to pass very low amplitude direct currents to the brain • for PTSD and depression

  26. BIOMEDICAL THERAPIES Emerging Techniques • Deep Brain Stimulation • being evaluated as a treatment modality for depression and OCD

  27. VIRTUAL REALITIES • Virtual Realities • computer-based simulation of environments • can be used to treat phobias and PTSD • less risk • useful as a delivery system for exposure therapy

  28. RADIO STATION 1987 J-WAVE was incorporated on December 10, 1987. 1988 It started test broadcasts on the FM band at 81.3 MHz beginning August 1, 1988. On October 1 of that year, it started transmission from Tokyo Tower. J-Wave was rated 27th nationwide at the time, and second in Tokyo. While other radio stations focused more on presentation, J-WAVE adopted a "more music less talk" format.

  29. RADIO STATION The station had a large fanbase because of its unusual programming style, playing music non-stop except for jingles and breaks for news, traffic and weather. The law in Japan at that time stipulated that programming had to be maximum 80% music, and minimum 20% talk and continuity. J-WAVE coined the term "J-pop", which is only vaguely defined. However, as the years went by, the station lost influence. Sponsor after sponsor pulled their ads because of the growing irrelevance of the programming to what they were selling.

  30. RADIO STATION 1995 J-WAVE hired new personalities in an attempt to rejuvenate itself. Its term "J-POP" became synonymous with commercially palatable Japanese music from across the spectrum, except for traditional Japanese music. Specials started to air around this time, and the station took steps to attract a listener base desirable for higher ad revenues. 1997 The format J-WAVE introduced to Japan, "more music less talk" almost disappeared during reorganization in early 1997, when DJ banter became more pronounced.

  31. RADIO STATION 2003 On October 1, 2003, J-WAVE moved its head office to the 33rd floor of the Roppongi Hills Mori Tower in Minato, Tokyo. 2012 On April 23, 2012, J-WAVE moved its transmitting station at Tokyo Tower to the Tokyo Sky Tree with new transmission power of 7 kilowatts with an ERP of 57 kilowatts. Before the move, the transmission power was 10 kilowatts with an ERP of 44 kilowatts.

  32. RADIO STATION Tokyo Tower

  33. RADIO STATION Tokyo Skytree

  34. RADIO STATION

  35. RADIO STATION "The Best Music on the Planet“ Jingles (1992-1995)

  36. RADIO STATION "The Best Music on the Planet“ Jingles (2012)

  37. RADIO STATION "The Best Music on the Planet“ Weather Report

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