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IPv6: Next-Generation IP for High-Speed Networks

Learn about IPv6, a next-generation IP protocol designed for high-speed networks and the need for more IP addresses. Discover how to migrate from IPv4 to IPv6 and understand the format and features of IPv6 headers and datagrams.

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IPv6: Next-Generation IP for High-Speed Networks

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  1. Introduction • IETF RFC1752 – a specification for a next-generation IP (IPng) • IETF RFC2460 – IPv6 specification • Designed to accommodate the highest speed network and a mix of data stream. • Important driving force – need more IP addresses • Migration from today’s IPv4 to IPv6 – “change jet engine while keeping it flying”

  2. IPv6 Addresses • IPv6 uses 128 bits to support at least one billion networks • IPv6 still uses the concept of network number and host number with extension to several levels • To convert existing IPv4 addresses to IPv6 addresses • 32 bits of IPv4 address are kept as the lower bits of IPv6 address • Adding a fixed prefix of 96 bits with 80 zero bits followed by 16 zero bits or 16 one bits • IPv6 addresses can use colon hexadecimal notation with a colon to separate every 16 bits

  3. IPv6 Header Format Flow Label (20 bits) Traffic Class (8 bits) Version Payload Length (16 bits) TTL Time-to-Live Hop Limit Source IP address (128 bits) >= ten 32-bit words Destination IP address (128 bits) Options (if any, <=40 bytes) Optional Extension Headers 0 31 32-bit word • 40 bytes basic fixed-size header • Include 16 bytes each for source and destination IP addresses • Optional extension header(s) follow the basic header • Payload Length 216 bytes = 65536 bytes

  4. IPv6 Header Format (cont.) • 40 bytes basic header • Optional extension headers include the following fields • Router processed headers • Hop-by-hop options header • Routing header • Ethernet type value (hex-86dd) assigned for IPv6

  5. IPv6 Datagram Priority • 4-bits priority field • 0 – 7: lower priority traffic for which the source is providing congestion control (e.g. TCP …) • 8 – 15: higher priority traffic that does not back off in response to congestion (e.g. real time traffic …)

  6. IPv6 Datagram Priority (cont.)

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